This study aims to contribute existing research on CO2 emissions by focusing military spending. We use data from 47 countries with the highest levels of per capita spending over period 2000 2015. The results two-stage GMM estimator suggest a positive relationship between defence and emissions: 1% increase in leads 0.05% capita. GDP has an inverted U-shaped emissions, which confirms Environmenta...

This paper examines the long run cointegrating relation and short run dynamics among carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, financial development and openness to trade in Bangladesh by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration. Empirical results for Bangladesh over the period 1975-2010 suggest an evidence of a long-run rel...

We characterize the evolution of U.S. carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using an index number decomposition technique which partitions the 1963-2008 growth of states’ energy-related CO2 into changes in five driving factors: the emission intensity of energy use, the energy intensity of economic activity, the composition of states’ output, per capita income and population. Compositional change and d...

This article examines the influence of renewable energy consumption, real GDP per capita, exports and imports on consumption-based CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan from 1993 to 2019 by employing Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Method (DOLS). The results reveal that consumption has a negative impact emissions, while capita positive effect. According findings, 1% increase leads 0.26% decrease rise 0.46...

China is considered to be the main carbon producer in the world. The per-capita carbon emissions indicator is an important measure of the regional carbon emissions situation. This study used the LMDI factor decomposition model-panel co-integration test two-step method to analyze the factors that affect per-capita carbon emissions. The main results are as follows. (1) During 1997, Eastern China,...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

global greenhouse gas emissions from 2000 to 2010 has grown more quickly (2.2%/yr) than in the previous three decades (1.3%/yr). china accounts for approximately 23% of global co2 emissions and the household sector is considered the major contributor. this study conducts a time series analysis of a per person household carbon emissions (hces) in china during 1995 to 2011. annual macroeconomic d...

Tianjin is the largest coastal city in northern China with rapid economic development and urbanization. Energy-related CO2 emissions from Tianjin’s production and household sectors during 1995–2012 were calculated according to the default carbon-emission coefficients provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We decomposed the changes in CO2 emissions resulting from 12 causal fa...