The metabolic process of normal cells in general and cancer particular requires an important molecule—oxygen. In tumors, the oxygen level tends to decrease gradually from outer layers central core, leading a condition termed ``hypoxia.'' Changes modify signaling pathways activities cells. Basically, tumor development is divided into three stages: initiation, promotion, progression. Among them, ...

Abstract Hypoxia is a hallmark of many pathologies including solid tumors. In basic research, analysis hypoxia by light microscopy became feasible through development genetically encoded reporters. However, the dependence fluorescent proteins on molecular oxygen for maturation limits their use in hypoxic tissue. Overcoming this limitation, family hypoxia-sensors based oxygen-independent protein...

background and objective: the main causes of nocturnal hypoxemia are pulmonary diseases or sleep related breathing disorders. in overlap syndrome, the co-existence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and ob-structive sleep apnea (osa), blood oxygen alteration, and hypercapnia may be more severe. we aimed to study hypox-emia markers in osa patients with or without copd. materials and...

objective(s):intermittent hypoxia (ih), caused by obstructive sleep apnea (osa), could cause hippocampus or neuron damage through multiple signaling pathways, while the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. thus, the present study aimed to explore the effect of ih on the biological functions of microglia cells. materials and methods:cell proliferation of bv2 cells after exposure to ih were o...

effects of acute systemic hypoxia on the cardiovascular system (cys) and respiration of spontaneously breathing cats were studied in two conditions. 1): hypoxic air (6-8% 02 in n2) was given to the animal to induce systemic hypoxia for 20 minutes. hyperventilation at this condition lowered arterial c02 tension (pac02 hypocapnia). 2): in the second run, induction of hypocapnia was prevented by a...

Objective- The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial Oxygen saturation (SpO2) by administration of three drug combinations during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Design- Experimental study. Animals- 21 healthy and adults dog were randomly divided into three groups. Procedures- The IV combination of 6.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0....

Background: Anemia and consequently low oxygen can cause changes in the function and structure of the testis and spermatogenesis, Iron released from red blood cells, followed by the increased oxidative stress, which may cause tissue iron. This study was designed to minimize the deleterious effects of hypoxia on the genitals. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mature male mice were randomly divided...

Introduction: The G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family; involved in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Many GPCR receptors that are implicated in several types of human cancers are correlated with increased cell proliferation and tumor progression; especially GPR30 gene. Methods: The breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cel...

Abstract Background and Aims Mitophagy activation is crucial for hypoxia signaling in acute kidney injury (AKI). Selective removal of damaged mitochondria mediated through a concerted function coding non-coding RNA expressions. Insights on HIF-1α lncRNA-regulated mitophagy mechanism are not known. The study aims to investigate the role hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) regulated long (lncRNA...