moderate degree of anaemia during pregnancy as physiological, and a figure of 10 g./ 100 ml. is taken as the lowest limit of normality. On this basis 8.2 yo of the subjects examined were suffering from a more severe grade of anaemia than could be accounted for by their pregnancy. The plasma-protein values for pregnant women were also lower than those for the subjects in the first group, but onl...

A 9-year-old female Pug was presented to us with chronic diarrhea. Hematologic findings indicated severe hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, and endoscopy revealed severe edema of the duodenal mucosa. Based on these results and on additional histopathological findings, we made a diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy caused by lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis with lymphangiectasia. The dog w...

A 69-year-old Korean man was admitted to emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and hyponatremia. The gastric mucosa showed whitish mottled and slightly elevated lesions on the body angle of antrum. Microscopically, chronic gastritis with incomplete intestinal metaplasia was observed. Many adult ...

CronkhiteCanada syndrome (CCS) considered as a rare and non-hereditary disorder. Gastrointestinal polyposis and diarrhea along with some extra signs and symptoms such as hypoproteinemia, and epidermal manifestations are recognized in this syndrome. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is not completely understood and it seems that inflammatory processes may be involved. We present a 50 year-old...

The term Fluid Retention Syndrome (abbreviated; FRS) is more accurate than the commonly used term “idiopathic edema “or “cyclical edema “, as it substantiates the view that the disorder has multifactorial etiology. FRS of women may be defined as fluid retention occurring in the absence of well-defined hydrostatic or oncotic mechanism as a result of congestive cardiac failure, hypoproteinemia or...

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), also known as Waldmann’s disease, is a rare disorder manifested by the presence of dilated lymphatic ducts and leading to protein-losing enteropathy. PIL usually presents early in childhood; however, rarely may be diagnosed adults. Suggestive laboratory findings include hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia. Peripheral pitting edema d...