The mechanical properties of plant organs depend upon anatomical structure, cell-cell adhesion, cell turgidity, and the mechanical properties of their cell walls. By testing the mechanical responses of Arabidopsis mutants, it is possible to deduce the contribution that polymers of the cell wall make to organ strength. We developed a method to measure the tensile parameters of the expanded regio...

HIGHLIGHTS Baccharis trimera aqueous extracts can inhibit Colletotrichum lindemuthianun 89 race growth. C. lindemuthianum filtrate be used as a phaseolin inductor on common bean. There is no evidence of induction through application B. in bean hypocotyls.

In vitro morphogenesis is greatly influenced by plant growth regulators (PGRs). The effect of different plant growth regulators was assessed on callus induction, in vitro shoot regeneration and hairy root formation in tomato. The maximum callus induction frequency was recorded culturing hypocotyls, while in vitro shoot regeneration frequency was significantly higher when leaf discs were used as...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In Tilia amurensis, two types of trichomes (hairy and glandular) develop from epidermal surfaces of cotyledons and hypocotyls of zygotic embryos soon after germination. Here, it is demonstrated that glandular trichome initials develop directly into somatic embryos when treated in vitro with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). METHODS Zygotic embryos of Tilia amurensis ...

The polar transport of the natural auxins indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been described in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls using radioactive tracers. Because radioactive assays alone cannot distinguish IBA from its metabolites, the detected transport from applied [3H]IBA may have resulted from the transport of IBA metabolites, including IAA. To test...

In the present study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae) seeds were germinated and grown with different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/l) of cadmium acetate, in order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth, uptake, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in Glycyrrhiza u...

The present study aims to investigate the numerous factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Factors affecting transformation efficiency, such as age of explants, Agrobacterium concentration, and effect of acetosyringone, pre-cultivation, infection and co-cultivation time of Agrobacterium were examined. The ...

Gravitropism in dark-grown hypocotyls of the wild type was compared with a starch-deficient Nicotiana sylvestris mutant (NS 458) to test the effects of starch deficiency on gravity sensing. In a time course of curvature measured using infrared video, the response of the mutant was greatly reduced compared to the wild type; 72 hours after reorientation, curvature was about 10 degrees for NS 458...

Aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) activity declines in etiolated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) hypocotyls between 3 and 11 days after planting. Treating cow-pea hypocotyls with cycloheximide (CH), actinomycin D (AMD), 6-methyl purine (6-MP), or cordycepin increases ATCase activity up to 740, 350, 465, and 305%, respectively, over water-treated controls...

Four monogenic, recessive dwarf mutants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), previously isolated from a population induced by ethyl methanesulfonate, were compared with the normal genotype (E-1) for plant height, weight, leaf area, as well as hypocotyl length and root length. These nonallelic dwarfs (dwf1, dwf2, and dwf3) exhibited reduced hypocotyl length, smaller, dark green leaves, and reduced st...