Background: Arthroscopic intervention is very common for conducting orthopedic surgeries. After a knee arthroscopic surgery, different drugs are used through intra-articular administration to induce analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate analgesic effects of Bupivacaine (marcaine), Bupivacaine plus midazolam, and Bupivacaine plus fentanyl in reducing pain after knee arthroscopic sur...

We studied seven healthy volunteers given itraconazole 200 mg orally or placebo, once daily for 4 days, in a crossover study. On day 4, racemic bupivacaine 0.3 mg kg-1 was given i.v. over 60 min and venous plasma samples were collected for 23 h. Plasma concentrations of R- and S-bupivacaine, itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were measured. Itraconazole reduced the clearance of R-bupivacaine ...

The administration of epidural opioids, though effective for producing analgesia, has severe side effects in most patients. It is unknown whether clonidine can effectively replace opioids and cause fewer side effects. We compared, in this randomized trial, the incidence of vomiting and pruritus as well as the analgesic profile of three different combinations of bupivacaine, fentanyl, and clonid...

OBJECTIVE The quaternary lidocaine derivative (QX-314) in combination with bupivacaine can produce long-lasting nerve blocks in vivo, indicating potential clinical application. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy, safety, and the optimal formulation of this combination. METHODS QX-314 and bupivacaine at different concentration ratios were injected in the vicinity of the sciat...

BACKGROUND It is controversial as to whether T-wave elevation is caused by local anaesthetics, epinephrine, or their combination. It has been shown that T-elevation after intravascular injection of a small bupivacaine test dose is caused by epinephrine and not by bupivacaine. The aim of this study was to investigate ECG changes with higher doses of i.v. bupivacaine. METHODS Thirty neonatal pi...

Muscle regeneration after a traumatic injury can take an excessively long period of time. The purpose this study is to assess whether the action percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) accelerates muscle in cases partial injuries. gastrocnemius from adult Swiss male mice was inoculated with bupivacaine. PNE protocol applied 48 h treatment Immunofluorescence techniques were performed 72 bupivacai...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A case is described of bupivacaine toxicity after continuous cervical epidural infusion in a patient with intractable cancer pain. The patient had several periods of generalized tonic clonic seizures. Serial venous blood samples were taken after the first signs of toxicity. The highest total plasma bupivacaine level was 20.3 micrograms/mL. The corresponding free bupiva...

We have studied the effects of bupivacaine on human and bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of human articular chondrocytes showed > 95% cellular death after exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine for 30 minutes. Human and bovine chondrocytes exposed to 0.25% bupivacaine had a time-dependent reduction in viability, with longer exposure times resulting in higher cytotoxi...

introduction: shorter hospital stay and less pain in comparison to open surgery considered to be major benefits for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. we compared the effect of intraperitoneal hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine with bupivacaine alone on pain relief following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  methods: sixty two patients participated in this double-blind, randomized clinical trial. patients...