When a muscle has been soaked in a moderately hypertonic solution its mechanical response to a shock is delayed, but its heat production is almost normal and starts considerably earlier than its shortening. After a more hypertonic solution the mechanical response is abolished, but a substantial part of the heat production remains. These effects are rapidly reversed by soaking in a normal isoton...

A clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of hypertonic solution (5% NaCl) in patients who have bullous keratopathy (BK). The aim of the study was to define the stage of the disease and the thickness of cornea in micrometers, which would be the threshold for therapeutic approach. This was a prospective study on 70 eyes of 55 patients. Patients were divided in two groups at the be...

When a muscle has been soaked in a moderately hypertonic solution its mechanical response to a shock is delayed, but its heat production is almost normal and starts considerably earlier than its shortening. After a more hypertonic solution the mechanical response is abolished, but a substantial part of the heat production remains. These effects are rapidly reversed by soaking in a normal isoton...

OBJECTIVE Volume replacement in septic patients improves hemodynamic stability. This effect can reduce the inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution versus 0.9% normal saline solution for volume replacement during an inflammatory response in endotoxemic rats. METHODS We measured cytokines (serum and gut), nitrite, and lipi...

A readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles has been identified at hippocampal synapses with application of hypertonic solution. RRP size correlates with important properties of synaptic function such as release probability. However, a discrepancy in RRP size has been reported depending on the method used to evoke synaptic release. This study was undertaken to determine quantitative re...

A study of the effects of hypertonic solutions on the structure of peripheral nerve myelin reveals an expansion rather than a contraction of the layer spacing. This suggests the absence of "free" water between the myelin layers. Hypotonic solutions bring about a change in radial repeat period from 171 A to 250 to 270 A. These findings are of significance in relation to the structure of myelin.

Haemorrhagic shock, a leading cause of mortality, frequently accompanies cardiac interventions. The administration of small volumes of hypertonic saline solutions and crystalloid solutions may reduce the severity and duration of shock, and result in a decrease in adverse outcomes. Under general anaesthesia, hypotension was induced in 12 healthy dogs. After 30 min, dogs received either hypertoni...

Hyperosmotic-hyperoncotic solutions have been widely used during prehospital care of trauma patients and have shown positive hemodynamic effects. Recently, there has been a growing interest in intra-operative use of hypertonic solutions. We reviewed 30 clinical studies on the use of hypertonic saline solutions during surgeries, with the majority being cardiac surgeries. Reduced positive fluid b...

Endotoxemia is a common and life threatening inflammatory condition in calves which can lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction, and immunosuppression and biochemical dyshomeostasis. In order to correct peripheral perfusion and metabolic disturbances, hypertonic fluids are recommended as part of treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the resuscitating effects of hypertonic s...