purpose: to determine prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors in elderly population of yazd, iran. methods: this is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed between 2010 and 2011. the participants were among the subjects aged from 40 to 80 years old. the samples were selected from urban and rural inhabitants using multi-stage random cluster sampling design. all partici...

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of refractive error in an urban population in southern India. METHODS Two thousand five hundred twenty-two subjects of all ages, representative of the Hyderabad population, were examined in the population-based Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Objective and subjective refraction was attempted on subjects >15 years o...

The improvements in excimer laser technology made hyperopic excimer refractive surgery a valuable option for hyperopia correction. However, despite the good visual and refractive outcomes of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) treatments, they are more effective and stable for the correction of low degrees of hyperopia than high hyperopia1-7....

DSAEK (Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty) is one of the options for corneal endothelium disease, which in some patients can result in a residual hyperopia after the procedure. Usually 6 to 12 months after corneal transplantation refraction is already stable. This report describes a therapeutic option used in a 54 years old patient with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy submitted ...

Light-weight translucent plastic goggles with convex or concave rigid contact lens inserts were applied unilaterally to the eyes of young chicks. Convex and concave cylindrical lenses produced astigmatic refractive errors. The magnitude of the induced astigmatism was less than that of the inducing lens and varied with axis orientation. Decreased aperture size or interruption of the defocus resu...

Using a bi-choice graph technique (Klaus and Klijn, 2009), we show that a matching for a roommate market indirectly dominates another matching if and only if no blocking pair of the former is matched in the latter (Proposition 1). Using this characterization of indirect dominance, we investigate von Neumann-Morgenstern farsightedly stable sets. We show that a singleton is von Neumann-Morgenster...

This paper studies farsighted behavior of firms in an oligopolistic market to form a dominant cartel, which has a power to set and control the price in the market. The von Neumann-Morgenstern stable set is adopted as the solution concept. In contrast to the literature, we do not assume a priori the optimal pricing behavior of the cartel; rather, we show that such behavior arises from the result...