UNLABELLED Some adolescents with a history of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) develop hyperandrogenism. HYPOTHESIS Luteinizing hormone (LH) hypersecretion could be a common mechanism underlying ICPP and polycystic ovary syndrome. AIM To explore the GnRH-LH axis in those patients. DESIGN To compare overnight LH secretion in 7 healthy adolescents (CG) with that in patients with...

Autism, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) compose the overall diagnostic category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects diagnosed with an ASD have a male:female ratio of 4:1, and among subjects diagnosed with AS the male:female ratio is as high as 9:1. The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of the association betw...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and also an important metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR). Hyperandrogenism is a key feature of PCOS. However, whether hyperandrogenism can cause IR in PCOS remains largely unknown. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its regulated autophagy are closely ass...

OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy of women of reproductive age and a complex endocrine condition, due to its heterogeneity and uncertainty about its etiology. However, PCOS is also associated with other metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. There are few medications that are approved for the most ...

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and the associated compensatory hyperinsulinemia are common findings in women with PCOS, and may play a key role in this condition. METHODS In this article, we focused on the significance of insulin resistance in PCOS, reviewing the available literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment of this condition. RESULTS It has been estimated...

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and international sports federations have recently introduced policies requiring medical investigation of women athletes known or suspected to have hyperandrogenism. Women who are found to have naturally high testosterone levels and tissue sensitivity are banned from competition unless they have surgical or pharmaceutical interventions to lower their te...

BACKGROUND The endocrine hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism; another facet of PCOS is low-grade inflammation. METHODS In adolescents and young women with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism (n = 118; mean age 16 years, body mass index 22 kg/m(2)), we analysed whether the PCOS-associated rise in leukocyte count is already detectable at young age a...