Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders.  There are many documents about the effects of oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease etiology. Angiotensin II activates NADPH dependent oxidases and causes superoxides formation.  Peganum harmala L. extract, which has angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effect, is considered to evaluate oxidative stress inhi...

The neurotransmitter analogue 6-hydroxydopamine has been proposed as a selective chemotherapeutic agent for peripheral neural crest tumors. It exerts its action through the generation of cytotoxic oxygen free radicals. Unfortunately, it is toxic to normal peripheral neurons as well. Ethiofos (WR-2721) is a free radical scavenger which appears to be preferentially taken up by normal cells relati...

The degeneration of neurons in the mammalian brain is commonly associated with the division of cells located in the damaged area. The aim of the present study has been to characterise the phenotype of newly born cells in the striatum of adult rats following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigro-striatal pathway. Newborn cells were identified through labelling with either bromodeoxyuridine or re...

Intraventricular administration of nicotine produced a biphasic effect, consisting of an initial rise than a slight fall in blood pressure in unanaesthetized rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rate (SHR) showed increased pressor responses, but these responses were within normal limits in renal hypertensive and DOCA-saline hypertensive rats. The blood pressure response to nicotine in SHR was aboli...

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preconditioning effect of aerobic exercise with vitamin D3 consumption on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned to 6 groups: healthy control, Parkin...

Background and objectives: Hesperetin flavanone is a natural bioflavonoid found abundantly in citrus fruits with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nano sizing techniques improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs such as hesperetin. Main feature of Parkinson's disease is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The rate of oxidative...

Cultured chick embryonic sympathetic neurons contain an extensive axonal network of sacs and tubules of agranular reticulum. The reticulum is also seen branching into networks in axon terminals and varicosities. The axonal reticulum and perikaryal endoplasmic reticulum resemble one another in their content of cytochemically demonstrable enzyme activities (G6Pase and IDPase) and in their charact...

The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the serum level of free fatty acid (FFA) was studied in rats. Injection of CPZ into the lateral ventricle caused a transient decrease in serum FFA, showing the lowest level after 30 min. This decrease in serum FFA caused by CPZ was significantly inhibited by simultaneous injection of dopamine or apomorphine, althoug...