The primary science instrument of the CloudSat Mission is the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). The CPR is a W-band (94 GHz) nadir looking radar (e.g. Tanelli, 2008) with the purpose of measuring backscattered power from hydrometeors (clouds and precipitation). Although the CPR contains an internal calibration system, external calibration using geophysical sources with known normalized radar cross-s...

Whereas different hydrometeor types cannot be readily distinguished using radar reflectivity alone, this paper shows how the differential reflectivity available from dual-polarization radars can be used as an indicator of hydrometeor type (when supported by reflectivity factor also), and that the spatial variability of differential reflectivity is a useful addition. Various hydrometeor types, g...

The goal of this paper is to determine the parameters that control the aggregation efficiency and the growth rate of volcanic particles within the eruption column. Numerical experiments are performed with the plume model ATHAM (Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model). In this study we employ the parameterizations described in a companion paper (this issue). The presence of hydrometeors...

The theoretical studies on the flow fields around falling cloud and precipitation particles are briefly reviewed. hydrodynamics of these particles, collectively called hydrometeors, central importance to development dissipation, which impact both short-term weather long-term climate processes. This review focuses solutions appropriate Navier–Stokes equations hydrometeor, particularly those obta...

The Transportable Atmospheric RAdar (TARA) is an Sband polarimetric FM-CW profiler that is located at the meteorological site, Cabauw, the Netherlands (Russchenberg et al. 2005). At this wavelength (λ=9.1 cm), the wind tracers are raindrops, water cloud droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes. These particles are ranging in sizes from 0.01 mm to 10 mm. Clear air scattering, which consists of refl...

Dual-polarization radars typically transmit horizontally and vertically polarized waves and receive polarized backscattered signals. Because illuminated hydrometeors are not spherical, their radar backscatter cross sections are not the same for the two polarizations. Hydrometeor size, shape, orientation, and thermodynamic phase can be inferred from returned signals. Polarimetric hail algorithms...

A new cloud microphysical parameterization is described. Features of this new scheme include: the use of generalized gamma distributions as the basis function for all hydrometeor species; the use of a heat budget equation for hydrometeor classes, allowing heat storage and mixed phase hydrometears; partitioning hydrometeors into seven classes (including separate graupel and hail categories) ; th...

ODUCTION ar sensors with dual-polarization capability etter understanding and characterization of hazards. Advanced knowledge-based hazard algorithms would require better knowledge of ttering characteristics of hydrometeors such as , hailstones, and snowflakes. Especially, characteristics becomes important for utilize phase-array dual-polarization radar Traditionally, theoretical approaches [1]...