The Activox® process is a hydrometallurgical process route developed by Norilsk Process Technology to treat a wide variety of metal sulphide concentrates1. A combination of ultra fine grinding, which activates the sulphide minerals and oxidation at a relatively low temperature and pressure, form the core of the patented technology, which is expected to provide a competitive alternative to the t...

A solvothermal process can be defined as a process in a closed reaction vessel inducing a decomposition or a chemical reaction(s) between precursor(s) in the presence of a solvent at a temperature higher than the boiling temperature of this solvent. The pressure can be autogeneous (in such a case the pressure value depends on the filling of the reaction vessel) or imposed (the pressure value be...

Oxidation of ferrous iron in acid solutions is an important reaction producing soluble ferric iron. The oxidizing property makes the ferric ion one of the most useful reagents in hydrometallurgy. The ferrous iron oxidation kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growing in batch culture was examined. T. ferrooxidans oxidized ferrous iron at pH 1.5 in the presence of oxygen and utilized carbon dio...