This study addresses the research question of how renewable and non-renewable energy consumption (EC) affects economic growth (GDP) in Pakistan over a period 1972-2015. The extends basic production function having labor capital as mainstream variables by adding major sources Pakistan. results Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test confirm that no exists between GDP force bidirectional gross forma...

Because ecosystem services are generally not produced and used in the same place, their assessment should consider the flows of services from ecosystems to users. These flows depend on the characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems and users, the spatial relationships between them, and the presence of filters or barriers between ecosystems and users. The objective of this paper is t...

Though East Africa has ample resource endowments for electricity production, the region lowest performance in generating electricity, and millions of people are living without access to electricity. To fill gap countries used fossil fuels as major source energy, but production from a renewable is lower. Therefore, this study aimed identify determinant factors resources excluding hydropower sour...

Hybrid power is a combination of two or more alternative energy sources to produce high-efficiency electrical under different load conditions. research has been carried out through previous research, including combining solar and wind, biomass, hydro, thermal, with thermoelectric generators. This study designs hybrid plant model based on hydroelectricity water circulation system. Water falling ...

This paper proposes a combined control and state estimation strategy for inland waterways, aiming at simultaneously attaining the optimal water level management maximizing hydroelectricity generation. The latter can be realized by turbines installed in canal locks that harness energy generated during lock filling draining operations. These two objectives are of opposed nature, as maximization g...