Hydrocracking has great importance in present day refining due to strict environmental and norms of quality of fuel. In recent years the demand for middle distillate and gasoline has increased tremendously while that of heavy gas has decreased. In the present work we have modeled and then applied five lump scheme to hydrocracker reactor. The first order kinetics was assumed for the conversion i...

Co-refining of fast pyrolysis bio-oil together with fossil oil in existing refinery infrastructure is an attractive and cost-efficient route to conversion lignocellulosic biomass transportation fuel. However, due large differences properties between the two oils, special notice needed reduce process-related issues. Here, produced from was co-refined vacuum gas at a 20:80 weight ratio continuous...

The use of zeolite catalysts for the refining of products from methanol synthesis and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis was reviewed. The focus was on fuels refining processes and differences in the application to indirect liquefaction products was compared to petroleum, which is often a case of managing different molecules. Processes covered were skeletal isomerisation of n-butenes, hydroisomerisation ...