BACKGROUND The hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency viruses and Treponema pallidum are important causes of infectious diseases concern to public health. METHODS Between 2010 and 2014, we used an automated chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect the hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Treponema pallidum (the rapid plasma regain test...

INTRODUCTION Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus involves an obligatory step of reverse transcription of the viral ribonucleic acid genome into a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, and subsequent integration of the deoxyribonucleic acid into the human chromatin to form the proviral deoxyribonucleic acid. This proviral human immunodeficiency virus deoxyribonucleic acid is a criti...

CD4 antigen levels in sera from asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals and patients with lymphadenopathy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were quantitated. Like soluble CD8, CD4 antigen levels were elevated in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals, probably reflecting i...