BACKGROUND During the last three decades, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Iran has fallen considerably; from 6.5 per woman in 1983 to 1.89 in 2010. This paper analyzes the extent to which economic determinants at the micro and macro levels are associated with the number of children in Iranian households. METHODS Household data from the 2010 Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) is ...

this paper used a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of adjustment polices. the model includes both demand and supply side equations. relationships concerning household and government income are also included in model. iterative three-stage least squares method is used-toestimatethe.model: then the mode/is used to simulate the effect of sevenaltemative policies on poverty and inc...

Population-level analysis of dietary influences on nutritional status is challenging in part due to limitations in dietary intake data. Household expenditure surveys, covering recent household expenditures and including key food groups, are routinely conducted in low- and middle-income countries. These data may help identify patterns of food expenditure that relate to child growth. OBJECTIVES...

BACKGROUND Illness conditions lead to medical expenditure. Even with various types of medical insurance, there can still be considerable out-of-pocket costs. Medical expenditure can affect other categories of household consumptions. The goal of this study is to provide an updated empirical description of the distributions of illness conditions and medical expenditure and their associations with...

BACKGROUND During recent decades household incomes have increased steadily, leading to changes in dietary habits and food expenditure. AIM To report changes in household food expenditure focusing on trends in processed food across income quintiles in Metropolitan Santiago. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information obtained from the Fourth (1986-1987), Fifth (1996-1997) and Sixth National Institute o...

The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether resources accruing to different members of the household and from different sources have differential impacts on household expenditure patterns. The issue is of considerable policy interest for, if the identity of the income recipient does matter in the household’s expenditure decisions, then it indicates the usefulness of targeting income ass...

Domestic tourism has an important role in socio-economic development in several ways including creating jobs and improving income distribution. Although several researcheshave been done on tourism demand, a small proportion of them have been on domestic tourism. In this paper, the price and expenditure elasticities of the household demand for domestic tourism in Iran, focusing on the case of Ha...

There are various approaches to measure the differences in household income. Income measured from the monetary earnings point of view is called the nominal income. Income measured from the consumption point of view i.e. the basket of consumption goods a household buys is called the real income. In this paper we analyze the income based on the consumption of Highly Nutritious Food. Using tools o...

In a cross-country data set for developing and transitional economies, private consumption per capita from the national accounts deviates on average from mean household income or expenditure based on national sample surveys. Growth rates also differ systematically, such that the ratio of the survey mean to mean consumption from the national accounts is tending to fall over time. The exceptions ...