Federal rental subsidies appear to create disincentives for work through marginal taxes on earnings, income effects, and requirements that nonrecipients on waiting lists maintain low incomes in order to remain eligible. This paper takes advantage of the rationing of housing subsidies by identifying labor supply effects using analytic methods that could not be validly applied to unrationed progr...

This descriptive study aimed to identify attention demand situations experienced by nurses in their workplace and to verify if these demands were judged differently depending on socio-demographic variables. Data were collected through the "Directed Attention Demands" instrument, translated and validated in Brazil. SAS statistics software was used for data analysis. The following demand situatio...

One commonsense view of women’s employment is that working-class women have always been more likely to work for pay than other women because of their families’ need for their paycheck. But in fact, recent evidence shows higher levels of employment for highly educated women than for the less educated, despite the fact that well-educated women typically have higher earning husbands. This article ...

We estimate a multi-sector model of nursing qualification holders' labour supply in different occupations. A structural approach allows us to model the labour force participation decision, the occupational and shift-type choice, and the decision about hours worked as a joint outcome following from maximising a utility function. Disutility from work is allowed to vary by occupation and also by s...

Over the past few decades, the labor force participation of women has increased strongly in most industrialized countries. Despite increasing work weeks, women continue to be largely responsible for domestic work, as the distribution of housework within couples has only slightly changed. The volume of housework of full-time employed women decreased by half an hour per weekday since the beginnin...

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to clarify in detail the levels of whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure from a variety of agricultural machines in a rice farmer over one year, and to evaluate the daily level of exposure compared with European and Japanese threshold limits. METHODS The subject was a full-time, male rice farmer. We measured vibration accelerations on the seat pan and at t...

Using longitudinal survey data collected in collaboration with a treatment program, this paper estimates the economic impacts of antiretroviral treatment. The responses in two outcomes are studied: (1) labor supply of treated adult AIDS patients; and (2) labor supply of individuals in patients' households. Within six months after treatment initiation, there is a 20 percent increase in the likel...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to gather longitudinal data on a pharmacy class cohort concerning programmatic components as well as develop a profile of student experiences as they progress through the curriculum. METHODS The Class of 2006 (n = 67) completed a 2 page instrument at the conclusion of the first 3 professional years (PY) concerning hours spent in various activities, ove...

OBJECTIVE To explore factors associated with physician career satisfaction, work-life balance, and burnout focusing on differences across age, gender, and specialty. METHODS A cross-sectional, mailed, self-administered survey was sent to a national sample of 2,000 randomly-selected physicians, stratified by specialty, age, and gender (response rate 48%). Main outcome measures included career ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate differences in burnout and career satisfaction between men and women surgeons and to determine the relationships among personal factors, professional characteristics, and work-home conflicts. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, with data gathered through a survey. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS Members of the American College of Surgeons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ...