Caustic crossing microlensing events provide us a unique opportunity to measure the relative proper motion of the lens to the source, and so those caused by binary MACHOs are of great importance for understanding the structure of the Galactic halo and the nature of MACHOs. The microlensing event 98-SMC-01, occurred in June 1998, is the first event for which the proper motion is ever measured th...

45 ISSN 1758-3004 10.4155/CMT.10.7 © 2010 Future Science Ltd CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are the largest net annual flux of carbon in the earth–atmosphere system and represent the dominant source of greenhouse gas forcing [1]. In order to better understand other components of carbon exchange between the land, oceans and atmosphere, improved quantification of fossil fuel CO2 fluxes...

Over the next several years, grid-based photochemical models such as the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model, the regional modeling system for aerosols and deposition (REMSAD), the comprehensive air quality model with extensions (CAMx), and other regional models will be used by regulatory agencies in the United States for designing emission control strategies to meet and maintain the ...

Accurate information on surface albedo is essential for climate modelling, especially for regions such as Amazonia, where the response of the regional atmospheric circulation to the changes on surface albedo is strong. Previous studies have indicated that models are still unable to correctly reproduce details of the seasonal variation of surface albedo. Therefore, it was investigated the role o...

To test the accuracy of statistically downscaled precipitation estimates from numerical weather prediction models, a set of experiments to study what space and time scales are appropriate to obtain downscaled precipitation forecasts with maximum skill have been carried out. Fourteen-day forecasts from the 1998 version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Medium-Range Fore...