BACKGROUND There have been many studies that utilize the bio-impedance measurement method to analyze the movements of the upper and lower limbs. A fixed electrical current flows into the limbs through four standard disposable electrodes in this method. The current flows in the muscles and blood vessels, which have relatively low resistivity levels in the human body. This method is used to measu...

OBJECTIVE Individuals experiencing low back pain often present clinically with intervertebral joint dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether relative changes in stiffness at a single spinal joint alters neural responsiveness of lumbar muscle spindles to either vertebral movement or position. METHODS Muscle spindle discharge was recorded in response to 1mm L6 ramp and ho...

We examined the visual perception of joint actions, in which two individuals coordinate their body movements in space and time to achieve a joint goal. Animations of interacting action pairs (partners in human interactions) and non-interacting action pairs (individual actors sampled from different interaction sequences) were shown in the experiment. Participants were asked to rate how likely th...

The present work deals with those properties of the human motor system that characterize cyclic movements of maximum (expected to be maximum) intensity. It presents the results of an experiment carried out on 11 subjects and aimed at measuring the kinematic characteristics of cyclic movements of the elbow joint executed at maximal frequency under unloaded conditions. The movements of five ampli...

1 [email protected] 09/11/2009 Rotating a joint stretches the soft tissues on one side of the joint and relaxes them on the other side. All the soft tissues around joints contain mechanoceptors neurons that are activated by stretch. Thus stretch responses of mechanoceptors potentially contain information about joint displacement or movements, and are therefore of interest to study motor...

Reaching movements are comprised of the coordinated action across multiple joints. The human skeleton is redundant for this task because different joint configurations can lead to the same endpoint in space. How do people learn to use combinations of joints that maximize success in goal-directed motor tasks? To answer this question, we used a 3-degree-of-freedom manipulandum to measure shoulder...

The functional terminology in the foot is very misleading, because the same terms are often used for very different things. The following definitions and explanations are used here: • Plantiflexion–dorsiflexion indicate movement at the ankle. Plantiflexion is movement downwards towards the ground, and dorsiflexion upwards towards the tibia. There is also a plantiflexion–dorsiflexion movement at...

Mechanical forces due to fetal movements play an important role in joint shape morphogenesis, and abnormalities of the joints relating to abnormal fetal movements can have long-term health implications. While mechanical stimulation during development has been shown to be important for joint shape, the relationship between the quantity of mechanical stimulation and the growth and shape change of...

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new formula for calculating the motion of an articulated rigid body using images obtained with moving camera autofocus ability. Each input image scenes consists joints their own position and orientation unknown. Based on computed coordinate system previous joint, triangulation method finds feature point, point establishes next adjacent joint. First, external...

The goal of this study was to design a practical fuzzy controller of the cycle-to-cycle control for multi-joint movements of swing phase of functional electrical stimulation (FES) induced gait. First, we designed three fuzzy controllers (a fixed fuzzy controller, a fuzzy controller with parameter adjustment based on the gradient descent method, and a fuzzy controller with parameter adjustment b...