Studying the dynamics and microphysics in stratiform regions of tropical storms is significant due to their contribution to total water budget (i.e. condensation and evaporation) (Gamache et al. 1993) since stratiform precipitation accounts for a relatively large fraction of tropical precipitation. As a significant component of deep stratiform structures, the melting layer has been investigated...

The intra-seasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon, which manifests in the form of “active” and “break” phases in rainfall, is investigated with respect to the variability of the convective and stratiform precipitating cloud pattern over the region. Long period data from TRMM PR satellite (2A23 and 3B42 datasets) for the monsoon season of 2002 to 2010 over the Indian subcontinent is us...

[1] Lightning observations in the very high frequency band and measurements of ultra low frequency magnetic fields are analyzed to investigate the charge transfer and in-cloud structure of eight positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) strokes in a mesoscale convective system. Although no high altitude images were recorded, these strokes contained large charge moment changes (1500–3200 C km) capable of p...

The present study suggests that the three-dimensional circulation in the trailing stratiform region behind squall lines is primarily determined by the time-mean pattern of heating and cooling in the leading convective line. Analysis of the line-normal circulations show that they develop as thermally generated gravity waves spread away from the leading line. Midlevel line-end vortices are the re...

The simulations of summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds by the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5, are evaluated over subtropical East Asia. The evaluation reveals the physical cause of the observed diurnal rainfall variation in East Asia and points to the source of model strengths and weaknesses. Two model versions with horizontal resolutions of 2.88 and 0.58 are us...

The Upper Kitsault River area lies approximately 23 to 30 km north of Alice Arm, in the Skeena Mining Division, British Columbia. Mineral occurrences are of three principal types: copper and gold-rich quartz-chlorite stockwork deposits, silver-rich quartz-sulphate-carbonate deposits; and molybdenum-rich quartz stockwork deposits (Alldrick et al., 1987). The first two types are hosted by lower J...

1. Introduction Thompson-Okanagan-Cariboo is an administrative region in south-central BC, established after the province reorganized its natural resource agencies in 2010. Mining predates Confederation and today, the region is home to fi ve of BC's largest metal mines, several industrial mineral mines, and many small placer operations, gravel pits, and rock quarries. power), and skilled worker...

Convective and stratiform precipitation events have fundamentally different physical causes. Using a radar composite over Germany, this study separates these precipitation types and compares extremes at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from 1 to 50 km and 5 min to 6 h, respectively. Four main objectives are addressed. First, we investigate extreme precipitation intensities for con...

A Z-R relation is derived using a data set which consists of nine rain events selected from Singapore’s drop size distribution. Rain events are separated into convective and stratiform types of rain using two methods: the Gamache-Houze method, a simple threshold technique, and the Atlas-Ulbrich method. In the Atlas-Ulbrich method, the variability of the rain integral parameters R, Z, Nw, D0 and...

UNLABELLED Marine sponges are the most primitive metazoan and host symbiotic microorganisms. They are crucial components of the marine ecological system and play an essential role in pelagic processes. Copper pollution is currently a widespread problem and poses a threat to marine organisms. Here, we examined the effects of copper treatment on the composition of the sponge-associated bacterial ...