We present a re-usable enzyme catalyst system via direct encapsulation of cellobiase in nonsurfactant templated sol–gel mesoporous silica host material with D-fructose as the template. The pore diameter and porosity of the silica host material, controlled by the fructose content, controlled the diffusion of substrate to the enzyme. This in situ immobilized cellobiase showed little or no leakage...

The deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) activity which is induced in KB cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and expressed in biochemically transformed HeLa cells was separated from the host dUTPase activity using either gel filtration or chromatofocusing chromatography. The HSV-2-induced dUTPase differed from the host dUTPase activity in its molecular wei...

The phage enzymes can lyse the host in which they resides, but it is not yet known whether they show any effect on the non-susceptible hosts on solid media (Consortia). It is observed during our studies that the consortial lawn on the solid medium shows clear plaques irrespective of their specificity to the inoculated phages. The consortial studies indicate the combined application of phage enz...

The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from superficial mucosal infections to life-threatening systemic infections. Phagocytic cells of the innate immune response, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are important first-line responders to an infection and generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as part of their protective antimic...

Bacterial endosymbionts occur in diverse fungi, including members of many lineages of Ascomycota that inhabit living plants. These endosymbiotic bacteria (endohyphal bacteria, EHB) often can be removed from living fungi by antibiotic treatment, providing an opportunity to assess their effects on functional traits of their fungal hosts. We examined the effects of an endohyphal bacterium (Chitino...

conclusions according to the results of the present study, aerobic exercise at moderate intensity and proper time can be considered as a special treatment to prevent diabetes complications and related disorders, particularly obesity. objectives this study aimed to determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes, substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were affected by the type of intensit...

YopH is a protein tyrosine phosphatase and an essential virulence determinant of the pathogenic bacterium Yersinia. Yersinia delivers YopH into infected host cells using a type III secretion mechanism. YopH dephosphorylates several focal adhesion proteins including p130Cas in human epithelial cells, resulting in disruption of focal adhesions and cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Ho...

Fungi in the genus Escovopsis are known only from the fungus gardens of attine ants. Previous work has established that these anamorphic fungi, allied with the Hypocreales, are specialized and potentially virulent parasites of the ancient mutualism between attine ants and their fungal cultivars. It is unclear whether the primary nutrient source for the pathogen is the mutualist fungal cultivar ...

The retroviral integrase catalyzes two successive chemical reactions essential for integration of the retroviral genome into a host chromosome: 3' end processing, in which a dinucleotide is cleaved from each 3' end of the viral DNA; and the integration reaction itself, in which the resulting recessed 3' ends of the viral DNA are joined to the host DNA. We have examined the stereospecificity of ...

The bacteriophage EL is a virus that specifically attacks the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This phage carries a large genome that encodes for its own chaperonin which presumably facilitates the proper folding of phage proteins independently of the host chaperonin system. EL also encodes a lysin enzyme, a critical component of the lytic cycle that is responsible for digesting the pepti...