this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of injection of essential oil of eugenia caryophyllata in the kid horn buds, as a new chemical technique for disbudding. five-day-old healthy goat kids from both sexes (n = 16) were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. in groups 1, 2 and 3, 0.2 ml of clove essence and in group 4 (control) 0.2 ml of normal saline was injected into the left horn ...

the patient who is introduced has developed cutaneous horn with the length of 32 cms. which seems to be the longest horn ever reported in the literature.

Infrared thermometry is a non-invasive tool shown to be useful in detecting claw abnormalities in cattle at an individual and herd level. This study used the technology to monitor foot temperature and investigate the association with lesion presence over time. A 990 cow dairy herd was enrolled and followed for six months, with data collection fortnightly, lesions were identified by examination ...

Immunoreactive substance P was investigated in turtle lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve transection. In control animals immunoreactive fibers were densest in synaptic field Ia, where the longest axons invaded synaptic field III. Positive neuronal bodies were identified in the lateral column of the dorsal horn and substance P immunoreactive varicosities were observed in the ventral horn, in...

It has been suggested that some cortically blind patients can process the emotional valence of visual stimuli via a fast, subcortical pathway from the superior colliculus (SC) that reaches the amygdala via the pulvinar. We provide in vivo evidence for connectivity between the SC and the amygdala via the pulvinar in both humans and rhesus macaques. Probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging tractogr...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous administration of synthetic eugenol (EG) for disbudding of goat kids, as a new chemical method. Thirty apparently healthy Raieni (Cashmere) goat kids (five-day-old) were divided randomly into six groups (n = 5). In the pathology (P) groups (P3, P8 and P60 according to the sample collection day after...