Basin-Hopping (BH) or Monte-Carlo Minimization (MCM) is so far the most reliable algorithms in chemical physics to search for the lowest-energy structure of atomic clusters and macromolecular systems. BH transforms the complex energy landscape into a collection of basins, and explores them by hopping, which is achieved by randomMonte Carlo moves and acceptance/rejection using the Metropolis cri...

IEEE 802.11b wireless networks and Bluetooth networks provide complimentary services using the same unlicensed radio frequency band. As the benefits of utilizing these services become increasingly apparent, the likelihood of mutual interference also increases. The wellknown frequency hopping algorithm and adaptive frequency hopping algorithm do not fully consider the interference level of the o...

We designed a cluster surface smoothing method that can fast locate the minimum of the funnels in the potential energy surface (PES). By inserting the cluster surface smoothing approach into the gradient-based local optimization (LO)-phase and the global optimization (GO)-phase as a second LO-phase, the GO-phase can focus on the global information oWalesf the PES over the various funnels. Follo...

In this paper a detailed explanation of our newly proposed frequency hopped spread spectrum system named “MMFSK-EOD System Using Binary Hopping Pattern” (8) is presented. First, to make clear the concept of FH/M-ary Multilevel FSK modulation (abb. FH/ MMFSK or MMFSK), the waveform and the spectrum differences between MFSK and FH/MFSK or FH/MMFSK are reviewed. Next, to understand the error propa...

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subjected to weak polarization-insensitive optical feedback are studied experimentally and theoretically. We find that the feedback induces random anticorrelated hopping between the two orthogonal linearly polarized modes. This polarization mode hopping is accompanied by rapid anticorrelated oscillations in the linearly polarized intensities at the extern...

All mature forms of locomotion involve periods of unilateral stance. Unipedal hopping may provide useful information about the neuromuscular and biomechanical capabilities of a single lower extremity in adults. This study investigated whether hopping influenced vertical stiffness and lower extremity angular kinematics during human unipedal hopping. Vertical force and two-dimensional kinematics ...

To improve the performance of short-range wireless communications, channel quality must be improved by avoiding interference and multi-path fading. Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a transmission technique where the carrier hops from frequency to frequency. For frequency hopping a mechanism must be designed so that the data can be transmitted in a clear channel and avoid congested ch...

The aim of this study was to compare the contractile and series elastic properties of terrestrial mammals that use bipedal versus quadrupedal gaits. The gastrocnemius muscle of the hopping mouse (body mass 30.2 +/- 2.4 g, mean +/- S.D.) and the rat (313 +/- 10.7 g) were compared with data from the literature for the wallaby and the kangaroo rat to distinguish scaling effects and locomotion-rela...

Leg stiffness is a predictor of athletic performance and injury and typically evaluated during bilateral hopping. The contribution of each limb to bilateral leg stiffness, however, is not well understood. This study investigated leg stiffness during unilateral and bilateral hopping to address the following research questions: (1) does the magnitude and variability of leg stiffness differ betwee...

Two chains of Luttinger liquids coupled by both interchain hopping and interchain interaction are investigated. A degeneracy of two kinds of dominant states with in phase and out of phase ordering in the absence of the hopping is removed since the transverse fluctuation of charge density is completely gapful and that of spin density has two kinds of excitation with and without gap. The crucial ...