aim and background: the aim of the present study was to investigatethe psychometric properties of the trait hope scale and its relation with psychological well-being of iranian university students. methods and materials: in this descriptivesurvey, 191 students of hamadan islamic azad university (mean age: 24.17 ± 4.30 years; range: 18-45 years) were selected through stratified randomsampling.th...

This study examined the role of pronouns in supportive messages and hope appeals facilitating people's coping with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Participants included 256 residents New York State, they evaluated hypothetical about COVID-19. Results showed that when people have a communal orientation to coping, you-language (vs. we-language) led more emotional improvement. The presence absence) i...