Two studies were conducted to assess the effect of protein source and microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) inclusion in pelleted starter mixtures on growth performance, gain feed (G:F) ratio, nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites calves. In study 1, 28 Holstein bull calves (8.7 ± 0.8 d age 43.0 4.4 kg; mean SD) allocated 1 4 treatments a 2 × factorial arrangement fed mixture con...

Recording of body weights dairy calves may assist producers in monitoring the health status and making feed-related management decisions. Traditional methods weighing can be time-consuming labor-intensive. The objective this study was to evaluate a forefront weight scale on stalls attached an automated calf milk feeder system determine accuracy for measuring Holstein crossbred calves. conducted...

and Implications Pre-ruminant Holstein bull calves were fed two diets of pasteurized whole milk (PWM) in amounts that either limited intake or that maximized intake according to common commercial practice. Diets then were either supplemented or not supplemented with a full complement of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) that met or exceeded NRC requirements. The objective of the study was to qu...

background: glucocorticoids have several benefits in large animal medicine but apart from their benefits, there are several disadvantages attributed to the use of these drugs. among the disadvantages, disturbance in protein metabolism is one of the side effects of glucocorticoids which has been investigated in human and laboratory animals. objectives: there are no information regarding the effe...

The objective of this study was to determine the undegradable dietary protein requirements of veal calves. Two experiments were carried out with Holstein bull calves from 3-10 days of age until slaughter at 20 weeks of age. Both experiments were divided into starter and finishing periods. Calves were offered starter pellets on an ad lib. basis from seven days of age. Diets were formulated to be...

The volatile composition of veal has yet to be reported and is one of the important factors determining meat character and quality. To identify the most important aroma compounds in veal from Holstein bull calves fed one of three diets, samples were subjected to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most of the important odoran...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of tannic acid on some performance traits and nutrient digestibility in Holstein dairy calves. A total of 20 seven days old Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 4 experimental treatments with 5 calves each. The treatments were as follows: 1) basal diet formulated to meet all nutritional requirement of calves according to NRC (20...

During the mid 1990s a potentially serious, chronic syndrome was reported in well-managed beef and dairy herds from unrelated parts of South Africa. Farmers reported that it manifested as various combinations of decreased production, decreased weaning masses, apparent immune breakdown in previously immunocompetent animals, increased reproductive disorders, various mineral imbalances in non-defi...