Light shaping techniques based on phase-only modulation o er multiple advantages over amplitude modulation. This review examines and compares the merits of two phase modulation techniques; phase-only computer generated holography and Generalized Phase Contrast (GPC). Both techniques are brie y presented while recent developments in GPC will also be covered. Furthermore, novel hybrid schemes tha...

Compressed sensing has been discussed separately in spatial and temporal domains. Compressive holography has been introduced as a method that allows 3D tomographic reconstruction at different depths from a single 2D image. Coded exposure is a temporal compressed sensing method for high speed video acquisition. In this work, we combine compressive holography and coded exposure techniques and ext...

Coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM) combines off-axis holography and an achromatic grating interferometer allowing for the use of light sources of arbitrary degree of temporal and spatial coherence. This results in coherence gating and strong suppression of coherent noise and parasitic interferences enabling CCHM to reach high phase measurement accuracy and imaging quality. The a...

In the Physics degree in Spain the students have a mandatory course in Fundamentals of Optics as well as an Optics Laboratory course. With these two courses the students receive a general background of optics. There are also some optional courses on Optics in the last years of the degree. One of them is a course on Optical Image Processing and Holography. This course has 60 hours (equivalent to...

Holography has extremely extensive applications in conventional optical instruments spanning optical microscopy and imaging, three-dimensional displays and metrology. To integrate holography with modern low-dimensional electronic devices, holograms need to be thinned to a nanometric scale. However, to keep a pronounced phase shift modulation, the thickness of holograms has been generally limite...

Metasurfaces, as the ultrathin version of metamaterials, have caught growing attention due to their superior capability in controlling the phase, amplitude and polarization states of light. Among various types of metasurfaces, geometric metasurface that encodes a geometric or Pancharatnam-Berry phase into the orientation angle of the constituent meta-atoms has shown great potential in controlli...

Off-axis electron holography is an electron microscopy-based technique that allows the electrostatic and magnetic fields in and around a specimen to be measured with nm-scale resolution. The continuous reduction in the size of semiconductor devices means that information about the distribution of strain fields and active dopants at a nanometre scale is required in order to understand how these ...

We present spatial coherence measurements of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light generated through the process of high-harmonic up-conversion of a femtosecond laser. With a phase-matched hollow-fiber geometry, the generated beam was found to exhibit essentially full spatial coherence. The coherence of this laser-like EUV source was shown by recording Gabor holograms of small objects. This work demo...

Holography--originally developed for correcting spherical aberration in transmission electron microscopes--is now used in a wide range of disciplines that involve the propagation of waves, including light optics, electron microscopy, acoustics and seismology. In electron microscopy, the two primary modes of holography are Gabor's original in-line setup and an off-axis approach that was develope...

The holo-diagram is a diagram originally designed as a tool for teaching the making and evaluation of holograms. It was soon found to include much more general uses than first expected. During the 20 years since its introduction we have applied this diagram to explain many different fields such as holography, interferometry, diffraction. Fermat's principle, light-in-flight recordings, threedime...