When cell populations are incubated with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and subjected to flow cytometry analysis for Hoechst 33342 emissions, active efflux of the dye by the ABCG2/BCRP1 transporter causes certain cells to appear as a segregated cohort, known as a side population (SP). Stem cells from several tissues have been shown to possess the SP phenotype. As the lack of specific surface...

PURPOSE Advances in two-photon (2P) deep tissue imaging provide powerful options for simultaneously viewing multiple fluorophores within tissues. We determined imaging parameters for optimally visualizing three fluorophores in the human trabecular meshwork (TM) to simultaneously detect broad-spectrum autofluorescence and multiple fluorophores through a limited number of emission filters. METH...

BACKGROUND Discrimination of stem cells with flow cytometric analysis of Hoechst 33342 efflux by the ABCG2 transporter (termed the Hoechst side population, or SP technique) is a valuable methodology for identifying bone marrow progenitors enriched with stem cells. Unfortunately, it requires a ultraviolet (UV) laser source, usually necessitating an expensive and maintenance-intensive argon- or k...

Stem cells in various somatic tissues (bone marrow, skeletal muscle) can be identified by the 'Side Population' marker based on Hoechst 33342 efflux. We show that mouse testicular cells also display a 'Side Population' that express Bcrp1 mRNA, the ABC transporter responsible for Hoechst efflux in hematopoietic cells. Inhibition of Hoechst efflux by specific BCRP1 inhibitor Ko143 show that germi...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and death. Mutations of the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are found in some cases of familial ALS (fALS). Recent evidences suggest the accumulation of intracellular calcium is one of the primary mechanisms of motor neuronal degeneration. In th...