Background: Honey has a lot of reputation because of its supposed medicinal properties. In this study, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), sugars, and Fructose/Glucose ratio of honey in Bangladesh were assessed for adulteration and authenticity evaluation. Methods: Seventy honey samples collected from different districts of Bangladesh were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for...

PURPOSE Standard G-band cytogenetic analysis (CG) provides information on approximately 25 metaphases for monitoring the presence of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, making the detection of a low frequency of Ph+ cells problematic. The purpose of this study was to improve the detection of a low frequency of Ph+ cells. PATIENTS AND ME...

A new compound was detected during the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose and cellulose in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) at high temperatures. Further experiments found that it was derived from the reaction of HMF with [Bmim]Cl. The structure of new compound was established as 1-butyl-2-(5'-methyl-2'-furoyl)imidazole (BMI) based on nuclea...

The toxic fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates pose significant problems for the production of second-generation biofuels and biochemicals. Among these inhibitors, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and furfural are specifically notorious. In this study, we describe the complete molecular identification and characterization of the pathway by which Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 me...

The objective of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of Cynanchum wilfordii in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. To identify the bioactive substances of HMF, a crude polysaccharide (HMFO) was obtained and treated with sodium periodate (an oxidation agent) or digested wi...

      The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive and fast microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) in free-moving rats after i.g. administration of the aqueous extract of crud Fructus corni and its processed products of jiuzheng pin (JZP). The concentration of 5-HMF in free-movi...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a very promising feedstock for the production of biobased chemicals. The C6 sugars (for example d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-mannose) in lignocellulosic biomass are interesting precursors for a broad range of chemicals with high application potential. Apart from fermentation to bioethanol and reforming to CO/H2, [10] the direct conversion of these sugars to useful pla...

The quest to achieve a sustainable supply of both energy and chemicals is one of the great challenges of this century. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), the long-known dehydration product of hexose carbohydrates, has become an important nexus for access to both liquid fuels and chemicals. One such biofuel is 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which is a product of HMF hydrogenolysis and contains an energy...

We introduce the ε-susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) spreading model, which is taken as a benchmark for the comparison between the N-intertwined approximation and the Pastor-Satorras and Vespignani heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) approximation of the SIS model. The N-intertwined approximation, the HMF approximation, and the ε-SIS spreading model are compared for different graph types. We fo...