Genetic Programming (GP) is a systematic, domain-independent evolutionary computation technique that stochastically evolves populations of computer programs to perform a user-defined task. Similar to Genetic Algorithms (GA) which evolves a population of individuals to better ones, GP iteratively transforms a population of computer programs into a new generation of programs by applying biologica...

Transfer of influenza A viruses from animal hosts to man may lead to the emergence of new human pandemic strains. The early detection and identification of such events are therefore paramount in the surveillance of influenza viruses. To detect and partially characterize influenza A viruses from different animal species, a combined reverse transcription (RT)-PCR heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA)...

The HIV-1 genetic variability in Bahia state, Brazil, was investigated. DNA samples from 229 and 213 HIV-1-infected individuals were analyzed using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in gag and env fragments, respectively. One hundred seventy-five samples were characterized in both genes. Thirty-two subtype F and BF recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. The...

Crushed stone bases are widely used for low-volume roads. However, shear strength of the crushed stone materials can be vastly improved by confining the material in geocellular confinement systems or geocells. Geocells are 3-dimensional honeycomb-like structures. The objective of this study was to test a geocell design with crushed stone (AB-3) in-fill and a thin hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surface l...

Chemoprotective or genotoxic effects of glucosinolates occurring in Brassica vegetables are attributed to their hydrolysis products formed upon tissue damage by plant myrosinase. Since Brassica vegetables, in which myrosinase has been heat-inactivated, still display bioactivity, glucosinolate activation has been attributed to intestinal bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether...

PURPOSE To evaluate optimal salvage therapy in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes patients who have failed a first-line hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, given that treatment choice is challenging. METHODS Using published literature and expert opinion, we developed a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of current treatments for patients who failed first-line HMA therapy. The m...

The heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family plays an important role in transition metal transport in plants. However, this gene family has not been extensively studied in Populus trichocarpa. We identified 17 HMA genes in P. trichocarpa (PtHMAs), of which PtHMA1-PtHMA4 belonged to the zinc (Zn)/cobalt (Co)/cadmium (Cd)/lead (Pb) subgroup, and PtHMA5-PtHMA8 were members of the copper (Cu)/silver (Ag) su...

We studied the actions of geldanamycin (GA) and herbimycin A (HMA), inhibitors of the chaperone proteins Hsp90 and GRP94, on B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells in vitro. Both drugs induced apoptosis of the majority of CLL isolates studied. Whereas exposure to 4h pulses of 30 to 100 nM GA killed normal B lymphocytes and CLL cells with similar dose responses, T lymphocytes from normal do...

The maintenance of potholes is a long-standing problem. Previous studies focused on pothole patching materials and methods but not bonding at the interface joint. In this study, influence shape depth joint using two materials: hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing 5% (by volume) steel fiber (HMA+) was investigated. Slabs with circular square in middle different depths (35, 50 70 mm) were prepared. s...

Subduction-zone magmatism is triggered by the addition of H(2)O-rich slab-derived components: aqueous fluid, hydrous partial melts, or supercritical fluids from the subducting slab. Geochemical analyses of island arc basalts suggest two slab-derived signatures of a melt and a fluid. These two liquids unite to a supercritical fluid under pressure and temperature conditions beyond a critical endp...