kinds of structured systems in terms of schematic types, as opposed to answering ‘What is (or where is!) a structure?’, then why should we be troubled by the fact that ‘[b]y themselves they [the category-theoretic axioms] assert nothing’ that ‘They merely tell us what it is to be a structure of a certain kind’ and thus are ‘unlike the axioms of set theory, [in that] its axioms are not assertory...

The purpose of this chapter is to trace the evolution of intelligent software from data-centric applications that essentially encapsulate their data environment to ontology-based applications with automated reasoning capabilities. It is argued that a distinction may be drawn between human intelligence and component capabilities within a more general definition of intelligence, and that such com...

in order to understand the unknown parts of history, having access to new historical documents and their interrelationship could be a breakthrough for researchers in the field of history. in this context, coins and numismatic knowledge are known as valuable resources to clarify the historical uncertainties such as geographical names and their evolution, discovering unknown cities, their names, ...

Perspectives within social interaction situations are often shaped by geo-historical contexts derived from knowledge of indirectly experienceable phenomena such as geographic scale entities and past events that are communicated through external representations such as maps and historical accounts. Although geo-historical context is important for proving meaning to collaborative situations, no f...