Computer advances in recent decades have contributed to the emergence of three dimensional (3D) urban simulation, which studies urban environments based on virtual models of physical reality. This article discusses methods of 3D urban simulation for urban planning and design in order to understand their potential, capabilities, limitations and concerns about the validity of simulation outcome. ...

in this study which was carried out in 1974 in the province of isphahan a total of 23,273 individuals in the cities, and 18,671 individuals in the villages of the same area were studied. results show that the median age in rural area is 16 and in urban area is 18 years. the birth rate in rural is 27.7 per thousand were as the same rate in urban area is 40.2 per thousand. similarly the general f...

This long-lasting point in his life due to economic developments, social and cultural development of the Industrial Revolution, the foundation has been transformed. Today, the need for rehabilitation and restoration of these islands what the city increases, the need to develop a coherent and logical connection between the old and new areas to preserve and enhance the integrity and identity of...

Urban wetlands can provide valuable ecological services through filtration and moderation of non-point source pollutants. They provide habitat for wildlife, green space, and recreational opportunities for nearby human populations. We investigated an isolated section of an urban wetland in the Cleveland metropolitan area to determine the overall quality of the vegetation and to evaluate the site...

the blue mosque, one of the valuable architectural elements of tabriz city, known as the turquoise of islamic world, has high status among the people of the city, also among domestic and foreign historians and travelers, ever since its establishment. the blue mosque has always played a dynamic role in tabriz’s continuum of urban life and provides a proper setting for social interactions. up to ...

Sometime in the next 20 to 30 years, developing countries in Asia and Africa are likely to cross a historic threshold, joining Latin America in having a majority of urban residents. The urban demographic transformation is described here, with an emphasis on estimates and forecasts of urban population aggregates. To provide policy-makers with useful scientific guidance in the upcoming urban era,...

More than 90% of historic buildings have traditional clay tiles as roof covering exposed to solar radiation, largely impacting buildings’ thermal-energy performance and urban climate, since most of historic buildings are located in dense urban contexts. In this view, the optimization of these traditional elements could represent a key research issue, with the purpose of building energy retrofit...

The construction of urban agglomeration and regional economic integration have become a new trend development in China. Bay area economy is an important force to drive lead technological innovation. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Area arises at the historic moment. By analyzing demonstration effect experience characteristics international three major bay areas on Area, this paper analyzes ad...