BACKGROUND Endemic foci of HTLV-1 carriers have been found in the world, however, the origin of HTLV-1 in humans is still unclear. Since a distinct type of virus strain was isolated from the Solomon Islands, detailed surveys on HTLV-1 prevalence in New Guinea are important to shed light on its history of dissemination. OBJECTIVE To clarify the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 in different regions of ...

The geomorphic character of major river drainages in the Himalayan foothills of central Nepal suggests the existence of a discrete, west-northwest–trending break in rock uplift rates that does not correspond to previously mapped faults. The 40Ar/39Ar thermochronologic data from detrital muscovites with provenance from both sides of the discontinuity indicate that this geomorphic break also corr...

The Baltic Sea shipping is at a crossroads as sulphur regulation will lead to excessive cost increases from the year 2015 onwards and CO2 emission trading is planned to be implemented for the entire shipping sector within the EU area. Therefore, shipping is going to be minimized and hinterland transportation (road and rail) will act as substitute. This research analyzes the situation on one of ...

The present study attempts to characterize the environmental conditions that prevailed along the western shores of the Central Paratethys and its hinterland during the early middle Miocene at the same time t primates reached their peak in species diversity in Central Europe. Based on faunal structure (using cenograms), paleotemperature reconstruction (using cricetid diversity), and dietary reco...

Port-hinterland transport involves freight gathering and distribution between hinterland economies ports. It is responsible for a major portion of the negative externalities entire port-related logistic chain. This study proposes an integrated model framework to facilitate design modal shift policy mixes increase sustainable performance port-hinterland transport. The consists three parts: (1) e...

Abstract Reduced free time and increased fees for demurrage detention create organizational challenges with respect to intermodal transport. As a result, actors within the maritime supply chains are confronted greater complexity higher risk of costs; and, therefore, often fall back on transportation by truck from hinterland. That is why present research examines impact this evolution bottom lin...