There is plenty of theoretical and empirical evidence that depth of neural networks is a crucial ingredient for their success. However, network training becomes more difficult with increasing depth and training of very deep networks remains an open problem. In this extended abstract, we introduce a new architecture designed to ease gradient-based training of very deep networks. We refer to netw...

People believe congestion occurs because demand exceeds capacity, so they support initiatives to build additional highway capacity or curtail highway travel demand. Politicians work to bring highway construction projects into their districts; environmentalists support proposals to make transit more attractive or automobile use more costly. This article argues that the facts do not support the b...

We examine how state governments adjusted spending in response to the large temporary increase in federal grants under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). We concentrate our analysis on ARRA highway grants, which were especially likely to crowd out states’ own highway funding given the lack of matching requirements and according to past research on federal highway grants. Th...

Sulfate-containing aerosol (SCA) dry deposition at the highway intersection, coastal location, and suburban area in Taiwan were analyzed and compared. Sampling was accomplished with a surrogate surface technique. Samples particles were coated with barium chloride (BaCl(2)) in a vacuum evaporator and then exposed to a relative humidity of 85% for 2 h to form distinctive products of SCAs. Treated...

® The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. Abstract Over the last decade, state governments have experienced two rec...

1G Analog Cellular Recent years have seen tremendous growth in wireless subscribers. Moreover, new services like music downloads and Internet access on wireless cell phones have meant more and more data transmissions over wireless infrastructures. At the same time, however, the frequency spectrum allocated for wireless communications has been essentially constant. But with more users and more t...

This reference manual includes sections on (1) concepts of functional highway classification and functional system characteristics and (2) suggested procedures for functional highway classification in rural, small urban and urbanized areas. The material herein is adapted from two previous FHWA manuals concerned with functional highway classification. The relationship of this manual to these pre...

The idea of vehicle-highway communications sufficient to assume driving functions for the driver is not new. Researchers have articulated both its value and feasibility for several decades; and military and vehicle manufacturer test facility developments have proven the concept’s viability. As mounting congestion conflicts with environmental constraints, the Automated Highway System (AHS) promi...

Due to the complicated environment there are various types of highway disasters in Shaanxi Province (China). The damages caused are severe, losses are heavy, and have rapidly increased over the years, especially those caused by flood disasters along the rivers in mountainous areas. Therefore, research on risk evaluations, which play important roles in the prevention and mitigation of highway di...

In the fall of 1998, the Federal Highway Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation initiated a series of studies related to the seismic performance of the U.S. national highway system. The research conducted under this study is intended to provide improved tools for evaluating and assessing the social costs and impacts of earthquakes on highway systems and bridges, and to reduce t...