Pre-catalyst engine emissions and detrimental injector deposits have been widely associated with the near-nozzle fluid dynamics during after injection events. Although heating evaporation of fuel films on nozzle surface directly affects some these processes, there are no experimental data for transient evolution temperature typical conditions. In order to address this gap in knowledge, we prese...

InxGa1-xN/GaN solar cells are ideal candidates for use in extreme temperature applications. The conversion efficiency potential of double heterostructure was investigated at high temperatures using physical simulation. For a targeted working temperature, optimized lies compromise between the absorber bandgap energy determined by In composition and band offsets heterointerface directly correlate...

background: long surgery causes hypothermia and increased bleeding and can increase the arterial blood lactate levels during anesthesia. it causes cellular hypoxia and its complications. considering the core temperature of the patient during surgery it can prevent hypoxia. this study aimed to compare the effects of different temperatures on the core temperature and the concentrations of lactate...

The tests were carried out with the spark timing adjusted to the maximum brake torquetiming in various equivalence ratios and engine speeds for gasoline and natural gas operations. In thiswork, the lower heating value of gasoline is about 13.6% higher than that of natural gas. Based on theexperimental results, the natural gas operation causes an increase of about 6.2% brake special fuelconsumpt...