This paper analyzes charges incurred under the Medicare program for inpatient hospital, skilled nursing facility (SNF), and home health agency (HHA) care for 1976. This research was made possible through the construction of a new data set which links a beneficiary's use of these three services. Summary highlights reveal that an overwhelming majority of the 7.5 million Medicare episodes of illne...

In this study, speed control of PV battery-powered brushless DC motor (BLDC) is controlled by novel hybrid horse herd particle swarm optimization- (HHHPSO-) tuned proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The optimal gain parameter the PID controller optimization algorithm. purpose newly developed HHHPSO algorithm to enhance performance classic (HHA), specifically in two different ways...

Today, because the market is scattered around world, manufacturing activities are not limited to a single location and have spread globally. As result, discussion of scheduling factory has changed from classic network as need in real world. In this regard, study considers multiple factories by taking into account job transportation time between factories. The main problem here that each would b...

in this paper, the capacitated location-routing problem with fuzzy demands (clrp-fd) is considered. the clrp-fd is composed of two well-known problems: facility location problem and vehicle routing problem. the problem has many real-life applications of which some have been addressed in the literature such as management of hazardous wastes and food and drink distribution. in clrp-fd, a set of c...

A 320-base-pair repeated sequence was observed when DNA samples from the filarial parasites Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi were digested with the restriction endonuclease Hha I. A 640-base-pair dimer of the repeated sequence from B. malayi was inserted into the plasmid pBR322. When dot hybridization was used, the copy number of the repeat in B. malayi was found to be about 30,000. The 320-bas...

In this study the restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) technique was used for the comparison of field isolates and vaccinal strain of Pasteurella multocida using Hha-I enzyme. On the basis of DNA finger prints, extent of homology among the field isolates and the vaccinal strain was observed. The study has provided the clear evidence that eight isolates of P. multocida used were serologically...

Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) are potential HIV microbicidal agents with a high genetic barrier to resistance. We wanted to evaluate whether two mannose-specific CBAs, recognizing multiple and often distinct glycan structures on the HIV envelope gp120, can interact synergistically against HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1 strains that were selected for resistance against particular CBAs [i.e., 2G12 ...

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is a widely misused synthetic amphetamine derivative and a serotonergic neurotoxicant in animal models and possibly humans. The underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity involves the formation of reactive oxygen species although their source remains unclear. It has been postulated that MDMA-induced neurotoxicity is mediated via the formation of bior...