Heterotopic bone formation is a very rare event in the gastrointestinal tract including in the appendix. Here we report three cases of heterotopic ossification in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, one occurring in an appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma, another in a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and the third occurring in an appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma. The clinicopathologic chara...

Dear Editor, Heterotopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside the pancreas without any anatomical or vascular connection with the main pancreas.1 Heterotopic pancreas is also known as the ectopic pancreas, aberrant pancreas and accessory pancreas.2 It can occur at any part of the gastrointestinal tract with 90% encountered in the stomach, duodenum and the jejunum.3-5 The entit...

Heterotopic brain presenting as a giant, growing, single locular cyst at the parapharyngeal space has not been reported before, to our knowledge. We present such a case, with MR imaging findings, in a 13-month-old girl. A well-demarcated giant cystic mass was noted in the left parapharyngeal space from the skull base to the submandibular region. Airway compression and deformity of the left mand...

Heterotopic pancreas is a rare condition and its preoperative diagnosis is difficult. It is generally asymptomatic, but it may become clinically evident depending on the size, location and the pathological changes. Heterotopic pancreas can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly is found in the antrum of the stomach. We report an unusual case of a 31-year-old male patien...

CONTEXT The development of pancreatic tissue outside the confines of the main gland represents a congenital abnormality referred to as heterotopic pancreas. This is a rare pathological and surgical entity which remains mostly asymptomatic. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 28-year-old male, who was admitted to hospital because of a history of blood in bowel movements. After a normal gastro...

Heterotopia refers to the finding of normal tissue in foreign sites, entirely separate from the main organ. Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been observed throughout the alimentary tract, everywhere from the oral cavity to the rectum. However, occurrences in the umbilicus are an extremely rare and peculiar phenomena. We report the case of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the umbilicus.

A 70-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of overt (melena) and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding requiring an 8-unit blood transfusion. He underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, and push enteroscopy, all of which were nondiagnostic. A video capsule endoscopy, which reached the cecum at 6 hours and 21 minutes, showed active bleeding at 2 hours and 18 minutes without an...

long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-analougue (gnrh-a) can result in the formation of ovarian cyst by the transient initial stimulatory effect which increases the levels of both follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh). these cysts require surgical drainage or result in poor ovarian response. ovarian cyst formation can be prevented by taking oral contraceptive...