A new approach to defining the effective fracture toughness for heterogeneous materials is proposed. This temporal averaging process dependent, incorporating crack velocity and material toughness. The effectiveness of technique investigated in context hydraulic through rock with a periodic plane strain model considered without fluid leak-off, more easily investigate different regimes (toughness...

Introduction: Nowadays new radiochromic films have an essential role in radiotherapy dosimetry. Properties such as high sensitivity, good reproducibility, high spatial resolution, easy readout and portability have made them attractive for dosimetry, especially in high-dose-gradient regions. Material and Methods: In this study, electron-beam dose distributions in homogenous and heterogeneous pha...

A heterogeneous object is referred to a solid component consisting of two or more material primitives distributed continuously or discontinuously within an object. Modeling and manufacturing of heterogeneous object (HO) have been paid much attention recently as the advent of rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, which makes it possible to fabricate the heterogeneous object. As the continu...

Constantly rising operating pressure and temperature in turbine drivers push the material capabilities of turbine blades to the limit. The recent development of heterogeneous objects by layered manufacturing offers new potentials for the turbine blades. In heterogeneous turbine blades, multiple materials can be synthesized to provide better properties than any single material. A critical task o...

The paper deals with a novel approach to modeling heterogeneous objects. A controlling-vertex -based algorithm for materials information incorporation is proposed and constructed. In this algorithm, the controlling vertices with material information and geometrical information are selected as the gradient references first, and then the material information at any other points in the model space...