In the present work, a two-step sequential method employing copper sulfate (CuSO4) and Pseudomonas putida as treatment materials was investigated to remove color and phenols from paper industry wastewater. The wastewater was first subjected to precipitation treatment using CuSO4, which removed 96% and 52% of initial color and phenols, respectively. However, this treatment induced 65 mgL of resi...

A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). The counterparts of heterocyclic compounds are homo cyclic compounds although heterocyclic compounds may be inorganic, most contain at least one carbon. Since in organic chemistry non-carbons usually are considered to replace carbon atoms, they are called heteroatoms, meanin...

Heterocyclic compounds are of very much interest in our daily life. Heterocyclic compounds have one or more heteroatoms in their structure. They may be cyclic or non-cyclic in nature. Heterocyclic compounds have a wide range of application. They are predominantly used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and veterinary products. They also find applications as sanitizers, developers, antioxidants,...

In 1915, Folin and Denisb described a method for the determination of free and conjugated phenols in the urine, using a phosphotungstic-phosphomolybdic reagent, which, in the presence of sodium carbonate, gives a color reaction with phenols. The formula for the color reagent was published in 1912,2 at the same time as the uric acid reagent. Later, Folin and Denis applied the method to phenols i...

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) coated with a graphene/polymer film was fabricated for rapid determination of phenols in aqueous solutions. The electrochemical behavior of different phenols at the graphene/polymer-coated GCE was also investigated. In PBS buffer solution with a pH of 6.5, hydroquinone exhibits a well-defined reduction peak at the modified GCE. Based on this, an electrochemical m...

In this work, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of a secondary fiber paper mill were analyzed. For the sake of studying pollution comprehensively, four sites in the paper mill were analyzed and active sampling methods were used. Desorption was carried out with two solvents, carbon disulfide and dichloromethane. The compositions of VOCs were determined by gas chromatography-ma...

the removal performance of total poly phenols and orthodiphenols (o-diphenols) content in olive mill waste (omw) was investigated with a three stages cross flow laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (rbc) in the present study. due to high cod and other pollutant in the original omw, physico-chemical treatment was effected for cod and other pollutant reduction prior to biological treatm...

henols and phenolic substances are aromatic hydroxy compounds classified as monohydric (e.g., phenol, cresols [methylphenols], xylenols [dimethylphenols]), dihydric (e.g., catechols [odihydroxybenzenes], resorcinols [m-dihydroxybenzenes]) or polyhydric (with three or more hydroxy groups), depending on the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic benzene ring (McNeely et al. 1979). The...

Over 60 lignin-related model compounds were phosphitylated with 2chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane, a sterically hindered analogue of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane used in earlier work, and their 31P chemical shifts were recorded. Excellent resolution between the chemical shifts of phosphitylated carboxylic acids, phenols and aliphatic alcohols was obtained. The correlations of the p...

Bark is one of the most under-utilized types of lignocellulosic biomass in the forest industry. In this study, bark fast pyrolysis was optimized for phenols yield using response surface methodology (RSM), considering the pyrolysis temperature, gas flow rate, and biomass particle size. The bio-oil generated under optimal conditions was then characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (...