The birefringence characteristics of reflection and transmission light pulse are explored in chiral medium driving by two probe electric magnetic fields, while four control fields. proposed shows significant behaviors reflection/transmission Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifted beams. birefringent GH-reflected GH-transmitted pulses show contribution the space time gap creation for secure communication inv...

Extensive research has been conducted regarding the occurrence of herbicides in the hydrologic system, their fate, and their effects on human health and the environment. Few studies, however, have considered herbicide transformation products (degradates). In this study of Iowa ground water, herbicide degradates were frequently detected. In fact, herbicide degradates were eight of the 10 most fr...

The identification of herbicide residues on crop foliage is necessary to make crop-management decisions for weed pest control and to monitor pesticide residue levels on food crops. Electronic-nose (e-nose) methods were tested as a cheaper, alternative means of discriminating between herbicide residue types (compared with conventional chromatography methods), by detection of headspace volatiles ...

In order to investigate physiological and biochemical changes of wheat under stress residue of Imazethapyr herbicide (Imazethapyr), an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse conditions at university of Mohaghegh Ardebili. The treatments consisted of five dose levels of herbicide Imazethapyr (0, 0.011, 0.022, 0.033 and 0.044 micrograms of ...

This article proposes a general gH-gradient efficient-direction method and $${\mathcal{W}}$$ -gH-gradient efficient for the optimization problems with interval-valued functions. The convergence analysis step-wise algorithms of both methods are presented. It is observed that converges linearly strongly convex objective function. To develop proposed to study their convergence, ideas strong convex...