Currently, more than 16% of world energy demand is fulfilled by nuclear power plants (NPPs). This amounts to 2800 TWh energy annually generated by more than 441 NPPs operating in 31 countries worldwide [17]. Amongst these NPPs, the LWRs contribute to more than 85% of total energy produced by all nuclear reactors [20]. With the advantage of being proven technology along with extensive operationa...

The effects of sulfur concentration on the bioleaching of heavy metals from the sediment by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were investigated in an air-lift reactor. Increasing the sulfur concentration from 0.5 to 5 g/l enhanced the rates of pH reduction, sulfate production and metal solubilization. A Michaelis-Menten type equation was used to explain the relationships between sulfur conce...

fifty-four drinking groundwater samples were collected in april 2010 from some districts of the dakahlyia governorate, egypt. the water samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for iron, manganese, lead, nickel, chromium, zinc, copper, cobalt and cadmium concentrations. all samples but two were found suitable for drinking; from the water sample from aga district showed sligh...

Approach • Complete reverse kinetics and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to optimize reactor geometry for forward reactions • Measure forward kinetics in quartz & Inconel reactors to determine reactor wall catalysis • Measure forward kinetics in reactor packed with membrane material to determine catalytic activity • Measure membrane H2 permeability in presence of clean syngas compon...

In the Hydrogen based economy, distributed power generation systems using fuel cell technology require modularity. This modularity in power generation can be achieved by process intensification of the equipments involved. The water gas shift reaction is an integral part of hydrocarbon based Hydrogen generation and the reaction is kinetically limited and hence occupies the largest volume. Proces...

Flow reactors can be used to adjust the composition of aerosol particles if at least one of the components is volatile. Of course, the necessary thermodynamic boundary conditions in particular a defined vapour pressure level over the surface (or a part of the surface) have to be maintained along the reactor. In the case of water as one of the most important aerosol components this condition can...

The direct measurement of the chemistry in reactor cores is extremely difficult. The extreme conditions of high temperature, pressure, and radiation fields, are not compatible with normal chemical instrumentation. There are also problems of access to fuel channels in the reactor core. For these reasons, all reaction vendors and many operators have extensively used theoretical calculations and c...

Converting remote natural gas to liquid fuel is one possible solution to the problem of transporting remote gas to the energy market. However, the high investment cost of gas-to-liquid (GTL) plants prevents large scale exploitation of remote gas reserves. A lean GTL is suggested based on an autothermal reformer with enriched air as oxidant and a once-through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In order ...

Photocatalytic oxidation makes use of light of appropriate frequency to activate a catalyst. In the presence of water on the surface of the catalyst, rates of some photocatalytic reactions are slowed. Microwaves are known for an ability to couple with water. Herein a photocatalytic reactor system was integrated with a waveguide allowing for concurrent application of microwaves and photocatalysi...

in this study, a computational fluid dynamics (cfd) model was developed to evaluate ultraviolet disinfection applesauce reactor. to simulate uv reactors, three sets of equations, including hydrodynamics, radiation and species mass conservation were solved simultaneously. the realizable k-e turbulence model and the discrete ordinate method were used to find the uv radiation profile through the r...