A thermogenic organ is found beneath the brain of billfishes (Istiophoridae), swordfish (Xiphiidae) and the butterfly mackerel (Scombridae). The heater organ has been shown to warm the brain and eyes up to 14 degrees C above ambient water temperature. Heater cells are derived from extraocular muscle fibers and express a modified muscle phenotype with an extensive transverse-tubule (T-tubule) ne...

The Yucca Mountain Project is conducting a Single Heater Test (SHT) in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain. This report describes the thermal and thermomechanical data collected for the SHT through the third quarter of heating (through 31 May 1997) and compares the data with numerical predictions in order to gain insight into the coupled Thermal-Mechanical-Hydrologic-Chemical pro...

The effect of temperature and moisture content on the thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat andbulk thermal diffusivity was evaluated. The thermal conductivity was measured by the transient technique using a line heat source. The maximum slope method was used to analyse the line source heating data for thermal conductivity determination. The specific heat capacity was m...

Pool boiling experiments were conducted in microgravity on five space shuttle flights, using a flat plate heater consisting of a semitransparent thin gold film deposited on a quartz substrate that also acted as a resistance thermometer. The test fluid was R-113, and the vapor bubble behavior at the heater surface was photographed from beneath as well as from the side. Each flight consisted of a...

The forces governing flow boiling, aside from system pressure, are buoyancy, liquid momentum, interfacial surface tensions, and liquid viscosity. Guidance for approximating certain aspects of the flow boiling process in microgravity can be obtained in Earth gravity research by the imposition of a liquid velocity parallel to a flat heater surface in the inverted position, horizontal, or nearly h...

Elastomer-based composites embedded with thermally-responsive material (TRM) and a liquid-phase Joule heater are capable of reversibly changing their elastic rigidity by up to four orders of magnitude. At room temperature, the TRM layer is rigid and prevents the surrounding elastomer from elastically bending or stretching. When activated, the embedded Joule heater softens or melts the TRM, whic...

This research deals w ith simulation and experimentation of closed loop controlled class-D inverter fed induction heater system. This converter has reduced switching losses, stress and increased power density. The inverter system is designed and the simulation is done using Matlab. The results of simulation and experimentation are presented. The induction heater system uses embedded controller ...

Mitochondria from the muscle-derived thermogenic (heater) organ and oxidative red muscle of the blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) were studied in order to evaluate aspects of the mechanism of thermogenesis in heater tissue. We investigated whether short-term Ca(2+)-induced uncoupling of mitochondria contributes to the thermogenic cycle of the heater organ by enhancing the respiration rate. Specif...

natural convection heat transfer from a tube bundle in the indirect water bath heaters is investigated. a computer-code is used for the solution of the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy transfer based on the simple-c algorithm. simulations are carried out for the gas pressure station heater of kermanshah city with various tube bundle arrangements. in order to validate the numeric...

Abstract This article presents the application and evaluation of a cantilever with integrated sensing actuation as part an atomic force microscope (AFM) adjustable probe direction, which is into nano measuring machine (NMM-1). The AFM, operated in closed-loop intermittent contact mode, based on two rotational axes that enable adjustment direction to cover complete hemisphere. greatly enlarge me...