Knowledge of the ground thermal conductivity is of importance when designing borehole heat exchanger (BHE) systems. As thermal conductivity for any specific rock type varies due to its mineral content, porosity, pore fluid and anisotropy, it is preferable determined in-situ. Choudhary (1976) suggested a method for determining the thermal conductivity which analysed the heat transfer during the ...

Phase change heat transfer is fundamentally important for thermal energy conversion and management, such as in electronics with power density over 1 kW/cm^2. The critical heat flux (CHF) of phase change heat transfer, either evaporation or boiling, is limited by vapor flux from the liquid-vapor interface, known as the upper limit of heat flux. This limit could in theory be greater than 1 kW/cm2...

Military activities in hot environments pose 2 competing demands: the requirement to perform realistic training to develop operational capability with the necessity to protect armed forces personnel against heat-related illness. To ascertain whether work duration limits for protection against heat-related illness restrict military activities, this study examined the heat strain and risks of hea...

The reliability of long-term performance of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) systems is now proved by numerical modelling, supported by a unique data base. This lead to rapid market penetration. Such heat pump-coupled BHE systems are ideally suited to tap the ubiquitous shallow geothermal resources. With presently 20'000 installations, Switzerland has the highest areal BHE density worldwide (about...

Polar amplification of global warming has led to an average 2C rise in air temperatures in parts of the 14 polar regions in the last 50 years. Poikilothermic ectotherms that are found in these regions, such as 15 Collembola and mites, may therefore be put under pressure by changing environmental conditions. 16 However, it has also been suggested that the thermal sensitivity of invertebrates dec...

" tropical" diseases under the following headings:? (l)due to protozoa; (2) due to bacteria; (3) due to filterable viroses ; (4) food deficiency diseases ; (5) helminthic infections; (6) Infectious granulomata; (7) skin diseases; and (8) tropical diseases of disputed nature or minor importance among which are Peruvian Wart; Oroya fever; heatstroke and heat prostration; river fever; spotted feve...

This study examined the efficacy of glycerol and water hyperhydration (1 h before exercise) on tolerance and cardiovascular strain during uncompensable exercise-heat stress. The approach was to determine whether 1-h preexercise hyperhydration (29.1 ml H2O/kg lean body mass with or without 1.2 g/kg lean body mass of glycerol) provided a physiological advantage over euhydration. Eight heat-acclim...

The vast growing market for borehole heat exchangers (BHE’s) requires great efforts of quality assurance in design and construction. Within a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology a consortium consisting of the University of Applied Sciences at Biberach (UASB), the University of Karlsruhe (EIFER, GI) and the Bavarian Centre of Applied Energy Research...

Camels and many other desert animals are uniquely adapted to conserve water and other fluids in order to survive intense heat for long periods. Earlier studies have suggested that human platelets may be the trigger for the coagulopathy involved in heat prostration and stroke. The present study has compared the resistance of camel and human platelets to heat in order to see if they might help to...