Exchange of gases, such as O2, CO2, and CH4, over the air–water interface is an important component in aquatic ecosystem studies, but exchange rates are typically measured or estimated with substantial uncertainties. This diminishes the precision of common ecosystem assessments associated with gas exchanges such as primary production, respiration, and greenhouse gas emission. Here, we used the ...

According to experts’ forecasts, by 2040 the global demand for energy will increase 37%, and renewable sources in next 20 years become fastest growing segment of world energy, their share decade grow about one a half times. Solar is industry among all non-conventional gaining highest rates development comparison with other sources. In this article, authors provide an overview technologies that ...

Swimming pools as thermal sinks for air conditioners could save approximately 40% on peak cooling power and 30% of overall cooling energy, compared to standard residential air conditioning. Heat dissipation from pools in semi-arid climates with large diurnal temperature shifts is such that pool heating and space cooling may occur concurrently; in which case heat rejected from cooling equipment ...

an analytical model for a coastal boundary current was used to investigate heat and salt budget of exchange flows in the persian gulf as a marginal sea. coastal boundary currents exchange heat and freshwater with the mosphere and the offshore waters. as heat and salinity fluxes caused by air-sea interaction and eddy activities, different temperature and salinity associated with boundary current...

TURTEVANT estimated that the total number of spontaneous fourth-chromosome crossovers detected from diploid females up to 1951 was less than five. The linkage map of the chromosome that he published at that time was based on studies of diplo-IV triploids, where an appreciable amount of exchange occurs (MORGAN, STURTEVANT and MORGAN 1945). The present paper describes a method for inducing recomb...

In our previous paper, particle and temperature segregations in a fluidized bed of binary particle mixtures were experimentally examined, and heat transfer in the segregated fluidized bed was investigated. As the results, it was shown that the temperature segregation results mainly from low heat transfer coefficient through the interface layer, which exists between the flotsam-rich and jetsam-r...

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Meteorological and thermistor moorings were deployed in Great Slave Lake during the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Enhanced Study (CAGES) in 1998 and 1999. Large-scale meteorology included influence from a record ENSO extending from 1997 to mid-1998. Meteorological variables varied across the lake especially during the lake-heating phase after ice breakup. Generally h...