Background: Alien species are frequently considered a serious environmental threat but negative impacts on human health through injury, allergy, or as vectors of disease sometimes have the most dire consequences for human livelihoods. Climate change and the increasing magnitude and frequency of introductions of species across geographic barriers as a result of international trade are likely to ...

Energy use is central to human society and provides many health benefits. But each source of energy entails some health risks. This article reviews the health impacts of each major source of energy, focusing on those with major implications for the burden of disease globally. The biggest health impacts accrue to the harvesting and burning of solid fuels, coal and biomass, mainly in the form of ...

wastewater production is increasing every year. the variety of contaminants necessitates the application of effective and advanced treatment methods. among the materials that  are predominantly used for wastewater treatment are carbon nanotubes. exposure to the residuals of carbon nanotubes after wastewater treatment through drinking, inhalation, and dermal contact during regular indoor activit...

The California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) Environmental Justice Action Plan calls for guidelines for evaluating "cumulative impacts." As a first step toward such guidelines, a screening methodology for assessing cumulative impacts in communities was developed. The method, presented here, is based on the working definition of cumulative impacts adopted by Cal/EPA: "Cumulative impa...

BACKGROUND US adolescents have high rates of teen pregnancy, childbearing, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), highlighting the need to identify and implement effective programs that will help improve teen sexual and reproductive health. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review identified 103 random-assignment evaluations of 85 programs that incorporated intent-to-treat analyses and assessed...

Sustainability is a word that means different things to different people. The National Committee on Transport (NCTR) of Engineers Australia has been developing position papers on several aspects of sustainability. This paper is based on one of them. The paper begins by describing the urban context in Australia. It describes the impacts, at different scales, of transport activities on the enviro...

The impacts of climate change on human health have been documented globally and in the United States. Numerous studies project greater morbidity and mortality as a result of extreme weather events and other climate-sensitive hazards. Public health impacts on the U.S. Gulf Coast may be severe as the region is expected to experience increases in extreme temperatures, sea level rise, and possibly ...

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs link public transfers to human capital investment in hopes of alleviating current poverty and reducing its intergenerational transmission. Whereas nearly all studies of their impacts have focused on youth, these CCT programs may also have an impact on aging adults, by increasing household resources or inducing changes in allocations of time of various ho...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of primary care workers about the impacts of the national essential medicines policy (NEMP). SETTING A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken in 42 urban community health centres randomly selected from four provinces in China. PARTICIPANTS 791 primary care workers rated the impacts of the NEMP on a 5-point Likert scale....

Extreme weather events such as precipitation extremes and severe storms cause hundreds of deaths and injuries annually in the United States. Climate change may alter the frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of these events. Increases in heavy precipitation have occurred over the past century. Future climate scenarios show likely increases in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, ...