CONTEXT Botulinum toxin A is US Food and Drug Administration approved for prophylactic treatment for chronic migraines. OBJECTIVE To assess botulinum toxin A for the prophylactic treatment of headaches in adults. DATA SOURCES A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, bibliographies of published systematic reviews, and the Cochrane trial registries between 1966 and March 15, 2012. Inclusion and exclusion...

background: greater occipital never block has been shown to be an effective treatment in patients with cluster or tension type headache but there are very few studies investigating its effect in patients with chronic migraine. this study was to determine the effectiveness of greater occipital never block on headache in patients with chronic migraine. we designed an interventional before-after s...

objectives: there are some comorbidity between migraine, tension headaches, and some psychological  factors including early maladaptive schemas (emss). this research aimed to identify the emss  associated with migraine and tension headaches.  methods:  the present study was of cross sectional and correlational studies. the measures included  headache disability inventory and young early maladap...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between a lifetime history of migraines and other headaches with and without aura and Rose angina and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Participants were 12,409 African American and white men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, categorized by their lifetime history of headaches lasting > or =4 hours (migraine with aura, migrai...

The abrupt onset of severe headache, unlike any experienced before, can be a terrifying experience, and most often requires urgent medical attention. Although many times no cause is found, the first worst headache can be the signal of something very serious. Thunderclap headaches are severe headaches coming on full force in less than a minute, lasting at least 5 minutes, and often appearing wit...

Aim Although vascular epiphytes are important components of species richness and complexity of Neotropical forests, vascular epiphytes are under-represented in large scale biogeographical analyses. We studied the diversity, biogeography and floristic relationships of the epiphytic flora of the Yasunı́ region (Western Amazonia) in a Neotropical context, with special emphasis on the influence of t...

Primary headache disorders affect large number of people worldwide. Migraine and tension type headaches constitute 95% of all headaches. Both tension type headaches and migraine impose huge socioeconomic impact on society. The role of non-pharmacological interventions in management of primary headaches is not entirely clear. Acupuncture is one of the most historical non pharmacological ways of ...

Background: Headache is one of the most frequent reasons for referral to a neurology department. Headaches may occur at any time during pregnancy, but they tend to be most common during the first and third trimesters.The aim of this study is to review of headache in pregnancy. Etiology: An increase in headaches during the first trimester is believed to be caused by the surge of hormones along w...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of menstrual headaches prior to pregnancy according to the International Headache Society (IHS) classification criteria, 2004, and also study the outcome (frequency and intensity) of these pre-existing headaches during the gestational trimesters. METHOD This study involved 1,101 pregnant women (12 to 45 years old). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to...

PURPOSE To describe headaches in patients with epilepsy and try to identify relations between epileptic seizures and headaches. METHODS Cross-sectional study, with 304 patients from the epilepsy out-patient section of University Hospital of Federal University of Alagoas (Brazil) between February 2007 and February 2008. The presence of headaches and their relationships with the epileptic seizu...