Ameliorating pressures on the ecological condition of the wider landscape outside of protected areas is a key focus of conservation initiatives in the developed world. In highly urbanized nations, domestic gardens can play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and facilitating human-wildlife interactions, which benefit personal and societal health and well-being. The extent to which so...

a diverse range of foods has been shown to increase energy and micronutrients intake in the developing countries. it is widely asserted in the literature and development circles that farm household access to irrigation dam can provide a significant improvement of household’s dietary diversity. this study set out to assess the role of kampe irrigation dam on farm household dietary diversity in k...

Using a two-year panel of 1,422 Kenyan households surveyed in 1997 and 2000, we measure how prime-age adult mortality affects rural households' size and composition, agricultural production, asset levels, and off-farm income. First, the paper uses adult mortality rates from available data on an HIV-negative sample from neighboring Tanzania to predict the number of deaths that might have been ex...

the sudden transfer of guardianship, from husband to wife, causing a string of insecurity and additional duties for women. the phenomenon of woman-headed households is increasing for different reasons in the world. studies indicate that, householder women are facing social and economic challenges and constraints. the aim of this study is pathology of social interactions women-headed households ...

We apply the Consumption-based Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) of the finance literature to study the risk and return of household business assets in developing economies. Using monthly panel data from a household survey in rural Thailand, we find that higher exposure to aggregate, non-diversifiable risk, as measured by household beta or the co-movement of the return of the individual household ent...

BACKGROUND Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on healthcare is dominant mode of financing in developing countries. In Pakistan it is 67% of total expenditure on healthcare. Analysis of determinants of OOP health expenditure is a key aspect of equity in healthcare financing. It helps to formulate an effective health policy. Evidence on OOP in Pakistan is sparse. This paper attempts to fill this researc...