BACKGROUND The household transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem. High incidence of HBV infection is observed within the household contacts of HBV carriers. We aimed to evaluate serological markers of hepatitis B infection among family members of HBV carriers in Arak, central Iran. METHODS Data were collected from the 100 chronic HBV carriers (subjects with positive ...

hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection results in more severe and even fulminant form of hepatitis b in co-infected cases. this study was designed to estimate the prevalence of anti-hdv positivity and the associated risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection in zahedan (iran). in this cross-sectional study a total of 440 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis b virus ...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is likely to be more prevalent in certain populations and occupational groups, such as municipal solid waste workers (MSWWs). OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV and its risk factors among MSWWs compared to other municipal employees not exposed to waste. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current cross-sectional study included 654 mu...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious risk factor for several severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV, like other viruses, uses several mechanisms to escape from specific immune responses including the use of mutations in the genome which lead to epitope variations. There are several immune responses, including T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes,...

BACKGROUND Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can alter the course of the disease. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the frequency of HIV and/or HCV co-infection in chronic HBV patients and related risk factors in acquiring the HCV and or HIV co-infectionit. PATIENTS AND METHO...

Background and Objective: The outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be influenced by host factors like Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). We have investigated HLA-A and DRB1 alleles in patients with persistent hepatitis B infection compared to subjects who had spontaneously recovered from HBV infection. To complete the findings of this study we performed another survey in certain HLA all...

BACKGROUND Occult Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV-DNA in the liver or serum with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of acquiring parenterally transmitted infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of OBI in HD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A hundred HBsAg negative ...

background according to the reports of world health organization (who) and centers for disease control and prevention, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis b infection in iran has decreased from 2-7% in 2001 to 1.3-0.8% in children aged 2-14 years. in 2010 the institute of medicine recommended more comprehensive screening by primary care physicians (pcps) for evaluation, vaccination, and managem...

Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program, 24 years after its implementation, by analyzing patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) infection based on gender and age group. Background Since the launch of the first universal vaccination program against HBV in Iran in 1993, the epidemiological pattern of HBV prevalence...