the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...

Ignaz Goldziher, a famous western orientalist, believes that Muslims' approach to criticize narrations is mostly limited to the critique of the chain of transmission (isnad). In addition, he argues that judgment about the content of narrations depends on the validity of the chain of transmission. After Goldziher, some orientalists have mentioned similar results and confirmed his views. Criticiz...

at the beginning of his magnum opus al-hekmat al-muta’aleiat fi al-asfar al-aqliiat, mulla sadra says that he has nominated and arranged his book according to “the four journeys” of the mystics. what he and the mystics say on these journeys reminds those familiar with greek philosophy of plato’s phaedrus and republic (journey of souls onto sky and the allegory of cave, respectively). in spite o...

As a matter of fact, saint and sainthood are among the most pivotal issues in the Islamic mysticism that have been widely discussed by many mystics. Undoubtedly, one of the greatest Muslim mystics was Shams al-din Muhammad Tabrizi who lived in the 7th century AH. Substantially affecting Rūmi’s attitudes, Shams founded a new school of mysticism. In his only literary work known as &ldq...

Mysticism and Sufism have a long precedent during the history and have been appeared in the form of different manners throughout divine religions. Islamic mysticism has been experienced many changes from the beginning to the seventh century AH. This research employs Descriptive-Analytic approach for explaining the origin of Islamic Mysticism, studies its evolutions in intended periods and inves...

Ethics and mysticism are two transcendental desires of human. Therefore, deliberation on the proportion of mysticism and ethics is important for scholars of the both fields. Some scholars, however, have considered mysticism as incompatible with ethics and some others as something beyond it. Mystics` hermit and their state of being in full meditation and introspection have caused some scholars t...