The poultry industry has met more than one-third of the human demand for meat and all eggs during past several decades, it also been recognized as a very efficient sector in livestock industry. However, increasing production led to massive generation various wastes, which are great threat climate change, environmental safety, health. Traditionally, landfilling burning most frequently used techn...

Changes in body shape, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and crypsis were compared among Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry kept as controls in captivity and those released and subsequently recaptured in the wild according to a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. Hatchery fish that survived in the wild became more cryptic and displayed a much lower incidence of fin erosion and of asymmetric indivi...

Esox lucius is an economically important freshwater species. Mitochondrial cytb, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA gene sequences were used in order to clarify the genetic variation and population structure in three E. Lucius populations, i.e., one Wild population (W) and two hatchery populations (Hatchery Population I-HPI and Hatchery Population II-HPII). A total of 55 individuals, with 19 from wild and 1...

The olfactory hypothesis for salmon imprinting and homing to their natal stream is well known, but the endocrine hormonal control mechanisms of olfactory memory formation in juveniles and retrieval in adults remain unclear. In brains of hatchery-reared underyearling juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression increased immediately after release from a...

the maintenance of the endangered caspian brown trout salmo trutta caspius populations in iran depends on its artificial breeding. there is no information on how current hatchery breeding protocol influences effective population size of breeders (ne), which is a critical parameter to maintain genetic diversity in future generations. the current hatchery protocol (chp) was comparatively evaluate...

Hatchery contamination can result in ingested or inhaled microbes that may modify colonization of the intestinal and respiratory tract, with potential to influence early growth, inflammation, overall health. Six experiments were completed compare chick quality, health between two hatcheries (H1 H2). On embryonic d0, 45 eggs from same breeder flock set at each hatchery. length, abdominal height,...

After the collapse of striped bass Morone saxatilis stocks in the late 1970s, hatchery programs and release experiments were instituted to evaluate the potential to restore striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. Because survival of striped bass larvae to first feeding (7 d after hatch) is low in Chesapeake tributaries, ranging from 0.2 to 5.2% of eggs spawned, it is possible to enhance survival throug...

Various methods have been developed to mitigate the adverse effects of the Federal Columbia River Power System on juvenile Pacific salmon out-migrating through the Columbia River basin. In this study, we found that hatchery-reared spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the river are in varying degrees of health, which may affect delayed mortality and the assessment of the effectivene...

The timing of downstream migration and detection rates of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts and stream-reared smolts (stocked 2 years earlier as fry) were examined in the Connecticut River (U.S.A.) using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted into fish and then detected at a downstream fish bypass collection facility at Turners Falls, MA (river length 192 km). In t...