Cyanobacteria of a picoplanktonic cell size (0.2 to 2.0 µm) are common organisms of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. However, due to their small size and relatively short study history, picoplanktonic cyanobacteria, in contrast to the microplanktonic cyanobacteria, still remains a poorly studied fraction of plankton. So far, only little information on picocyanobacteria toxicity has been r...

Abstract Plant protection products are currently the main part of crop cultivation technologies not only in Krasnoyarsk territory, but also around world. The most promising way to protect plants from pests is an integrated system that involves use chemical control agents cases where pest population exceeds economic threshold, and effectiveness increase natural mechanisms for regulating number c...

This issue of the European Respiratory Journal contains an article entitled “The asbestos fibre burden in human lungs: new insights into the chrysotile debate” by FEDER et al. [1]. Although respiratory physicians are very familiar with the devastating health effects of past asbestos exposure, many nonspecialist readers probably wonder what this “chrysotile debate” might be and how this article ...

The Trolley problem is very well-known ethics dilemma about actively killing one or sometimes even more persons in order to save more persons. The problem can occur in autonomous vehicles when the vehicle realizes that there is no way to prevent a collision, the computer of the vehicle should analyze which collision is considered to be the least harmful collision. In this paper we suggest a met...

24,189 are all the possible non-synonymous amino acid changes potentially affecting the human mitochondrial DNA. Only a tiny subset was functionally evaluated with certainty so far, while the pathogenicity of the vast majority was only assessed in-silico by software predictors. Since these tools proved to be rather incongruent, we have designed and implemented APOGEE, a machine-learning algorit...

Copy-paste programming may speed-up software development process, but code clones, in the long run, might increase maintenance cost. Thus, despite the ongoing research on the usefulness/harmfulness of code clones, researchers and practitioners are in accord on the point that clones need to be managed. However, to devise efficient clone management techniques, one needs accurate and deep understa...

Code cloning is a duplication of source code fragments that frequently occurs in large software systems. Although different studies exist that evidence cloning benefits, several others expose its harmfulness, specifically upon inconsistent clone management. One important cause for the creation of software clones is the inherent abstraction capabilities and terseness of the programming language ...

The study of knowledge has always been one of the central issues of the AI research. The general belief has been that "the more you have it the better you are." It was well understood that incorrect knowledge is harmful and should be avoided, but correct knowledge had been mostly considered beneficial. The potential harmfulness of correct knowledge received attention in very few early works but...