The present study examined differences between White and ethnic minority emerging adults in the prevalence of self-harm behaviors – i.e., non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA) – and in well-documented risk (i.e., depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation (SI), substance use, abuse history) and protective factors (i.e., reli...

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a central role in human behavior. Anatomically connected with association areas of all sensory modalities, limbic structures, prefrontal cortical regions that mediate executive function and subcortical nuclei, this brain region can serve to integrate the physical and emotional attributes of a stimulusobject and establish a motivational value based on estimat...

Background: In order to assess the status of drug abuse and likely addiction among university students, a descriptive study was designed. Methods: 1200 subjects among the students of three universities in Zanjan were selected by stratified random sampling and their demographic information and history of substance abuse including hookah, cigarette, codeine, ibuprofen, alcohol, diazepam, tramadol...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of substance abuse by in-home caregivers of maltreated children, and to compare the prevalence of selfreported substance abuse to child welfare worker-identified substance abuse. Method: Data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, a national probability sample of children investigated for child maltreatment...

The pattern of substance abuse varies between different places and is ever-changing. Ecstasy and ketamine are two relative newcomers that have stayed and caused much harm. Emerging abuse of therapeutic substances should be identified in order to prevent its proliferation. Piperazines are a group of synthetic chemicals with psychoactive properties. They are popular party drugs elsewhere and were...

BACKGROUND Anesthesiologists have a higher rate of substance use disorders than other physicians, and their prognoses and advisability to return to anesthesiology practice after treatment remain controversial. Over the past 25 yr, physician health programs (PHPs), created under authority of state medical regulatory boards, have become primary resources for management and monitoring of physician...

BACKGROUND Substance abuse during pregnancy may harm the foetus and can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome. Exposure to alcohol and other substances can influence the child for the rest of its life. A special child welfare clinic was set up in 1994 in Kristiansand, Norway, targeting pregnant women with substance abuse problems in the county of Vest-Agder. Pregnancy is not an indication for opio...

There is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in Iran. This retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant w...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of reported physical and sexual abuse among youths with substance use problems, to explore whether youths report relying on substances to cope with the abuse, and to examine whether individual factors related to substance use were associated with the outcome measures of reported physical abuse, sexual abuse, and using substances to cope. METHOD We assesse...

Background: Aggression refers to behaviour which causes intentional harm others. There are about 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today, making 16% of world’s population. Now a day, it is common phenomenon find being involved aggressive activities frequently. Various studies India has observed that prevalence verbal aggression varies between 50% and 70% with more among male as compared fema...